From bogus claims to reputational damage, the ability of synthetic media to seemingly bend reality is an emerging menace with a far reach.
Platform and individuals charged in first case of its kind
As cryptocurrency has grown in popularity, crypto-related crimes have also been on the rise as Crypto Head showcased in its Crypto Crimes report earlier this year, which found that in 2020 there were 8,801 crypto crime reports to the UK action fraud team. 
Karsten Wenzlaff, Advisor
August 26th, 2025
Karsten Wenzlaff is a Crowdfunding and Fintech Expert from Germany. He is Secretary-General of Digit[...]
Category Archives: Cyber Security, Quantum, Hacks, Fraud Alerts, Risks, InsurTech
Tips for storing confidential data
Kaspersky Blog | Hugh Aver | Aug 12, 2021
Loss or leaks of sensitive information can be serious problems for small businesses. Here’s how to keep confidential data safe.
There’s no such thing as a business that doesn’t have sensitive data. Even a small retail company has documents with employees’ personal details that legally must remain confidential, for example. Bank documents would be hard to restore. Supplier and contractor contracts could include trade secrets.
To protect important data from loss or inappropriate disclosure, follow these seven tips.
1. Enable full disk encryption on all devices
On devices where confidential data is stored or transmitted (i.e., most of them), be sure to enable full disk encryption (FDE). Encryption protects the data in case the device falls into the wrong hands. In Windows, the FDE tool is called BitLocker. The macOS equivalent is FileVault. FDE is enabled by default on most iOS and Android phones; don’t disable it unless absolutely necessary.
2. Restrict confidential data to the office
Another way important data can fall into the wrong hands is through the loss (or theft) of physical media: external hard disks or flash drives. Ideally, they should never leave the office. In fact, if you must write to an external medium, you should encrypt the data beforehand. For example, many security solutions for small businesses support encrypted storage in the form of cryptocontainers.
See:
Financial data unbound: The value of open data for individuals and institutions
ISED: Cyber Security and Policy Statements
Settlement in Plaid Fintech Data Case
3. Don’t transfer unencrypted data over the Internet
Sometimes you might need to send confidential data online, by e-mail or a file-sharing service. We strongly recommend avoiding it whenever possible, but if you absolutely have to send information, at least encrypt it first, in case of interception. The easiest way is to create a password-protected archive. Almost all archive utilities have this option. After you encrypt the information, send the password to the recipient through a different channel — for example, attach the information to an e-mail, but send the password through a messaging app that supports end-to-end encryption.
4. Delete sensitive data you no longer need
Even information that’s fallen out of use can still cause problems, so get rid of it. For less-sensitive information, at the very least, delete it and then empty your Recycle Bin so the data can’t be restored with a simple click. For anything even vaguely sensitive, use a file-shredder utility to prevent recovery.
Continue to the full article --> here
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Synthetic Media and Deepfakes: An insurance industry threat
Insurtech Insights | Sep 24, 2021
From bogus claims to reputational damage, the ability of synthetic media to seemingly bend reality is an emerging menace with a far reach.
If you are familiar with photo and video editing tools, then you have probably heard of deepfakes, an emerging breed of artificial intelligence-enhanced videos that have demonstrated the ability to blur reality in ways that are extremely difficult for humans or even machines to detect.
Unlike conventional video editing, deepfakes utilize artificial intelligence(AI) to alter or synthetically generate videos, bringing a new level of realism without the forensic traces present in edited digital media.
See: World Economic Forum (WEF) Warns of Cyberattack that will Collapse Existing Financial System
While these advanced fakes may sound like science fiction, many researchers have concluded it is only a matter of time before deepfakes become nearly undetectable to the human eye and subsequently undetectable even to elaborate forensic tools.
Earlier this year, the FBI sounded the alarm that deepfakes are a new cyberattack threat targeting businesses. As a result, many organizations are pondering strategies to mitigate the risks and potentially undesirable outcomes that may result.
Deepfakes or synthetic media can effectively be used to file fraudulent claims, create fraudulent inspection reports, and even establish the existence and condition of assets that do not exist.
Think claims for exaggerated damage from a nearby hurricane or tornado or claims for items that don’t even exist, i.e., a non-existent Rolex watch that got insured and mysteriously went missing.
Does this suggest going back to using human adjusters and inspectors for important claims? While taking a step backward to manual inspection might help to eliminate the deepfake threat, a layer of protection against the deepfakes in self-service processes would serve better without undoing years of digital transformation.
Read: How open-source software shapes AI policy
Moreover, with many claims processes moving to straight-through processing, with no human intervention required aside from exceptional cases, two in-line approaches are suggested for implementing a layer of defense:
- In-line detection: Using AI and rules-based models to detect deepfakes in all digital media submitted. Similar to the Deepfake Detection Challenge mentioned earlier, apply AI-based forensic analysis to every photo or video prior to processing a claim.
- In-line prevention: Digital authentication of photos/videos at the time of capture to “tamper-proof” the media at the point of capture. This could simply be as part of a secure app that prevents the insured from uploading their own photos, or even better, utilizing a blockchain or immutable ledger that protects against both inside and outside changes to the media by utilizing a global consensus model.
Continue to the full article --> here
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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SEC takes legal action after crowdfunded marijuana investment scheme appears to go up in smoke
The Register | Tim Richardson | Sep 21, 2021
Platform and individuals charged in first case of its kind
US financial watchdogs have launched legal action against a cannabis-related investment scheme said to be the first case involving crowdfunding regulation.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filed a complaint against three people – named as Robert Shumake Jr, Willard Jackson, and Nicole Birch – and Texan firm 420 Real Estate in the Eastern District court in Michigan, claiming the trio had been involved in selling nearly $2m in unregistered securities through two crowdfunding schemes.
See: Crowdfunding Is Revolutionizing The Cannabis Industry. Here’s Why.
The SEC also charged the registered funding portal that hosted the offerings – TruCrowd – and its CEO Vicent Petrescu (name spelled as listed), with violating Section 4A(a)(5) of the Securities Act and violating crowdfunding rules, alleging they "served as gatekeepers and, as such, were responsible for taking measures to reduce the risk of fraud."
In papers filed yesterday [PDF], Shumake, Jackson and Birch were accused of marketing both offerings as "opportunities for investors to share in bountiful profits from the cannabis industry, by acquiring real estate and leasing it to companies engaged in the business of growing cannabis."
However, the complaint lodged by the SEC claimed that none of the money raised had been used to "acquire or improve cannabis real estate" as set out.
"None of the investors in either crowdfunding offering has received any return on their investment, and few investors have recovered any of the funds they invested," the watchdog said.
See: SEC Votes to Approve Changes to Regulation Crowdfunding Increasing the Maximum Raise to $5 Million
Gurbir Grewal, director of the SEC's Division of Enforcement said:
"As companies continue to raise funds through crowdfunding, it will continue to make sure all involved are "accountable" and, if needs be, "enforce the protections in place for all investors."
Last year, the SEC relaxed the rules around crowdfunding limits, raising the ceiling from $1m to $5m.
Continue to the full article --> here
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Crypto fraud and breaches on pace to exceed $3 billion in 2021
The Fintech Times | | Sep 9, 2021
As cryptocurrency has grown in popularity, crypto-related crimes have also been on the rise as Crypto Head showcased in its Crypto Crimes report earlier this year, which found that in 2020 there were 8,801 crypto crime reports to the UK action fraud team.
This was a 24% increase from 2019, where 7,121 reports were filed. Prior to this, crypto crime reports in the UK had been growing exponentially. Between 2017 and 2018 there was a 355% surge in crypto-related crime, as there were over 5,000 more reports in one year alone.
In particular, the number of exchanges and currencies that are being targeted by hackers stealing coins has increased, as many crypto and blockchain technologies are still in their infancy so they can be more easily exploited. 8,131 of the crypto crimes reported to the UK action fraud team were related to Bitcoin crimes.
So, how have the number of crypto breaches and fraud offences changed over the last decade, which have been the biggest, and how do they vary between different countries and currencies?
See: CipherTrace August 2021 Crypto Crime Report: Crypto Fraud Dips as DeFi Hacks Grow
The largest crypto breach and fraud to date was the OneCoin Ponzi scheme ($4 billion), which was promoted as a new cryptocurrency and has been dubbed one of the biggest scams of all time. The founder, Ruja Ignatova, disappeared in 2017 and has yet to be found, although many others have been arrested in connection with the scheme and US authorities state that the scheme defrauded investors of $4billion.
Crypto breaches and fraud has increased significantly. Between 2011 and 2021 there have been 208 notable crypto offences, with a total of $19.2billion being stolen in that time. In 2011 there were nine offences, with over $9million being taken, but this number had almost doubled by 2013 and grew to as many as 38 in 2020 and 32 so far in 2021, showing how rapidly offences are increasing. While 2021 looks set to be the year with the highest number of offences, 2017 was the year that saw hackers make the most money, stealing highs of $4.7billion in total and $223.5million on average.
As hackers and their technology become more sophisticated, it’s clear that breaches are an increasingly big concern for the crypto world.
Image: Crypto Head / The Fintech Times
The most common types of crypto offence is breaches of wallets and exchanges, with 126 in the last ten years, which is far more than offences involving DeFi attacks and fraud (both 41). The largest of these breaches to date saw Mt. Gox have $615million stolen over the years, leading to the platform ultimately becoming insolvent in 2014.
See: InsurAce Founder at DeFi Insurance Protocol Explains the Difference between Traditional and Decentralized Insurance
However, it was cases of fraud that were the most lucrative for criminals, usually seeing the perpetrators walk away with big sums. The average crypto fraud incident saw $365million stolen (over 14 times as much as breaches), while just under $15billion has been stolen in total via fraud since 2011. However, the number of DeFi (decentralised finance) breaches is on the increase, with this new technology more open to potential weaknesses.
Continue to the full article --> here
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Decentralized Finance—Risks, Regulation, and the Road Ahead
JDSupra | King & Spalding | Sep 1, 2021
Even those who are most suspicious of the rise of cryptocurrency will likely admit that the underlying blockchain technology and its potential uses are exciting. One use of this technology, decentralized finance, or DeFi, is on the cusp of major growth. Regulators are aware of this growth and are moving to act accordingly. As a possible preview of the coming regulatory efforts, this past spring Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen urged regulators to accelerate their establishment of a regulatory framework for stablecoins, a rapidly growing class of digital currencies which, among other things, can be used on DeFi platforms to temper pricing volatility.1
See: Inside Jack Dorsey’s Next Big Bet on Bitcoin, DeFi
Since Secretary Yellen’s comments, Securities and Exchange Commission Chair Gary Gensler has made it clear that the regulation of DeFi platforms and stablecoins is on the SEC’s agenda.2 Earlier this month, he wrote to Senator Elizabeth Warren that both should be among Congress’ legislative priorities, adding that “[r]egulators would benefit from additional plenary authority to write rules for and attach guardrails to crypto trading and lending.”3 The SEC also brought its first enforcement case against a DeFi platform this month.4
DeFi Overview
DeFi describes blockchain-based alternative finance systems. DeFi platforms enable users to engage in traditional financial transactions like lending and borrowing through direct peer-to-peer exchanges, eliminating the role of traditional financial intermediaries by directly mediating the transfer of value. Transactions are settled on a public blockchain, rather than through a bank or other central institution. DeFi services use a non-custodial design, meaning assets issued or managed on DeFi platforms theoretically cannot be moved or expropriated unilaterally by parties other than the account owners.5 The use of open-source code—meaning code designed to be publicly accessible—allows participants to view and verify protocols directly as well as create derivative or competitive services.6 The composability7 of DeFi’s programmatic components allows financial instruments and services to incorporate multiple DeFi services and protocols, which distinguishes DeFi from private services or standalone digital assets.8
To effectuate transactions, DeFi uses open protocols9 and decentralized applications, or DApps.10 These protocols and DApps are powered by smart contracts—programs that automatically run when certain conditions are met, which are generally built on existing blockchains such as Ethereum.11 Smart contracts replace the intermediary role of centralized financial institutions with self-executing lines of code built into a blockchain.12
See: The Intersection of Ecommerce and NFTs: How NFT Technology is Changing DeFi
DeFi has experienced fast-paced growth since mid-2020. As of August 2021, the “total value locked” in DeFi sits around $75 billion.13 This value represents the amount of assets that are currently being staked across all DeFi protocols (i.e., pledged, loaned, or otherwise provided to the network to fund DeFi transactions). And even that figure may only be a fraction of its future potential.14
DeFi Risks
Despite DeFi’s rapid growth, its open-source ecosystem with the potential to democratize banking and finance, and its potential efficiencies, there are significant risks for industry participants to consider. These can be categorized into three buckets: technological risk, asset risk, and compliance/legal risk.
Technological Risk
Many DeFi protocols are powered by Ethereum, including nine of the largest DeFi projects.15 The Ethereum public blockchain infrastructure is far from infallible: increased customer adoptions of DeFi has led to a corresponding increase in attacks, bugs, and network congestion. These can lead to high network transaction fees, failed transactions, and liquidation issues. In some cases, extreme network congestion has led DeFi apps to stop functioning altogether. In addition to scalability challenges, DeFi platforms—like other forms of financial services operations—also face major cybersecurity threats.
See: CipherTrace August 2021 Crypto Crime Report: Crypto Fraud Dips as DeFi Hacks Grow
Many of the major DeFi “hacks” have been so-called “flash loan attacks”21 that sometimes take advantage of temporary defects in price feeds.22 Other examples have seen attackers exploit bugs or flaws within a protocol code.23 And beyond hackers, investors risk being targeted by exit scams, such as “rug pulls.” DeFi rug pulls are a new form of exit scam where a developer abandons a project and leaves with the funds.25
Asset Risk
DeFi applications are often built on the Ethereum blockchain, and the collateral pledged in DeFi transactions is typically cryptocurrency. Given the volatility of digital assets, it is possible for the value of that collateral to decline sharply, causing associated liquidity risks. This, in turn, can fuel a broader sell-off, and this uncertainty and instability can lead to catastrophic “bank runs” that send token values plummeting. Some individuals have sought to use stablecoins, which are backed by an asset (often fiat currency), to minimize this risk.
Compliance Risk
Most of the services in the space are software programs that automate financial transactions and replace the traditional role of the bank as an intermediary. This creates several risks and results in an uncertain regulatory environment. The lack of intermediaries, the anonymity of peer-to-peer transactions, and the global reach of DeFi present potentially amplified compliance risks for participants in the space. In the absence of clear, direct guidance from regulatory agencies, DeFi platforms face potentially vast and confusing compliance and legal obligations. Their operations can implicate a host of considerations, ranging from anti-money laundering to consumer protection.
Continue to the full article --> here
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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World Economic Forum (WEF) Warns of Cyberattack that will Collapse Existing Financial System
GlobalRisk Community | Enrique Raul Suarez | Sep 3, 2021
A report published last year by the WEF-Carnegie Cyber Policy Initiative calls for the merging of Wall Street banks, their regulators and intelligence agencies as necessary to confront an allegedly imminent cyber attack that will collapse the existing financial system.
In November 2020, the World Economic Forum (WEF) and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace co-produced a report that warned that the global financial system was increasingly vulnerable to cyber attacks. Advisors to the group that produced the report included representatives from the Federal Reserve, the Bank of England, the International Monetary Fund, Wall Street giants likes JP Morgan Chase and Silicon Valley behemoths like Amazon.
The ominous report was published just months after the World Economic Forum had conducted a simulation of that very event – a cyber attack that brings the global financial system to its knees – in partnership with Russia’s largest bank, which is due to jumpstart that country’s economic “digital transformation” with the launch of its own central bank-backed digital currency.
See: ISED: Cyber Security and Policy Statements
More recently, last Tuesday, the largest information sharing organization of the financial industry, whose known members include Bank of America, Wells Fargo and CitiGroup, have again warned that nation-state hackers and cybercriminals were poised to work together to attack the global financial system in the short term. The CEO of this organization, known as the Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center (FS-ISAC), had previously advised the WEF-Carnegie report that had warned much the same.
“Not a Question of If but When“
The Cyber Policy Initiative’s November 2020 report is officially titled “International Strategy to Better Protect the Financial System.” It begins by noting that the global financial system, like many other systems, are “going through unprecedented digital transformation, which is being accelerated by the coronavirus pandemic.”
“Reducing Fragmentation”: Merging Banks with their Regulators and Intelligence Agencies
Given the inevitability of this destructive event predicted by the report’s authors, it is important to focus in on the solutions proposed in the WEF-Carnegie report as they will become immediately relevant if this event, as predicted by the WEF and Carnegie Endowment, does come to pass.
Some of the solutions proposed are to be expected from a WEF-linked policy document, such as the calls for increased public-private partnerships and greater coordination among regional and international organizations as well as increased coordination between national governments.
See:
PwC Report: Canadian Digital Trust Insights 2021: Cybersecurity comes of age
Remote Working Cybersecurity Checklist
However, the main “solution” at the heart of this report, and also at the heart of the WEF-Carnegie initiative’s other endeavors, is a call to fuse corporate banks, the financial authorities that essentially oversee them, tech companies and the national security state.
“This requires countries not only to better organize themselves domestically but also to strengthen international cooperation to defend against, investigate, prosecute and ideally prevent future attacks. This implies that the financial sector and financial authorities must regularly interact with law enforcement and other national security agencies in unprecedented ways, both domestically and internationally.”
Continue to the full article --> here
Download the 242 page PDF report on 'International Strategy to Better Protect the Financial System Against Cyber Threats' --> here
Separate June 2020 report from WEF-Carnegie initiative on deepfakes and the Financial System --> here
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Tether banned on Canada’s first 2 licensed digital currency exchanges
Coingeek | Steve Kaaru | Aug 31, 2021
A Canadian securities regulator has barred the country’s first two registered digital currency exchanges from trading Tether (USDT). The stablecoin, which is seemingly printed at will and has been deeply linked to alleged market manipulation, is the only prohibited digital asset in the country to date.
The Ontario Securities Commission has a history of being tough against digital currency operators. After giving exchanges an April deadline to license their operations, it has been cracking the whip on those that didn’t, from Poloniex to KuCoin, OKEx, and Bybit.
Now, it has set its sights on the world’s biggest stablecoin, USDT.
The commission has barred Coinberry and Wealthsimple exchanges from offering Tether trading services. The two are the first exchanges in Canada to receive an operating license allowing them to offer digital currency trading services across all the provinces in Canada.
Coinberry received its approval from the Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) a week ago, allowing it “to offer Canadians crypto-based products and services on a regulated platform.” It boasts of being the first pure-play exchange to receive the license in Canada. Wealthsimple received the approval first, but unlike its peer, it doesn’t allow its users to withdraw their digital assets, much like Robinhood Crypto.
See: Bitfinex and Tether Fined $18.5M and Banned from Operating in New York
Despite receiving the regulatory approvals to serve Canadians, the two exchanges will not be able to offer USDT. The stablecoin was the only one listed under “Prohibited Crypto Assets,” with the regulator offering no reasoning for its decision.
Banning Tether was justified, and here’s why
The ban on trading of USDT has been a long time coming, and the Ontario regulator has taken a step that many other bigger watchdogs should have years ago.
Tether’s controversies and issues are unending. From market manipulation to shady and unchecked printing of tokens to links with illegal outfits, the stablecoin has it all, and then some.
While it could have listed any of these reasons, the Ontario watchdog chose to shy away, with a representative telling one news outlet, “We do not currently plan to introduce new rules specifically applicable to platforms, as platforms are already subject to existing requirements under securities legislation in Canada.”
See: Is Tether a Black Swan?
One Canadian lawyer was much blunter, however, citing the endless legal battles by Tether and its sister company Bitfinex as a key factor for the ban in Ontario.
Christine Duhaime stated,
“With respect to Tether and Bitfinex, the report by the New York AG likely did not provide comfort to the securities regulators and in the eyes of a government regulator, is likely going to be viewed as high-risk.”
The lawyer, who specializes in fintech, was referring to an action by Letitia James, the New York Attorney General on Tether and Bitfinex for allegedly suffering an $850 million loss and covering it up. AG James settled with the two earlier this year, requiring them to cease all activities in New York and to pay close to $20 million in fines.
Continue to the full article --> here
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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