July 29, 2026 | NCFA Insight | Artificial Intelligence And Data, Public Sector Policy And Industrial Strategy, Banking And Credit
AI Jobs, Inflation And Interest Rates
On July 29, 2026, the Bank of Canada released a working staff paper called Monetary Policy in an AI Driven Two Speed Economy raising a difficult possibility. AI could reduce jobs in some industries while the national inflation rate still looks calm.
The authors test this idea using a model with two industries. One adopts AI and needs fewer workers. The other continues operating near its limit. Lower interest rates can encourage spending and support jobs, but the same rate applies across the economy. A cut that helps the first industry can push up prices in the second.
The paper compares two hypothetical cases that produce the same increase in output:
When AI helps people do more work, the model needs a 1.48 percentage point rate cut to restore full employment
When AI takes over tasks previously done by people, the required cut rises to 3.34 points
These figures aren't forecasts or advice for the Bank of Canada. They show that replacing work creates a much larger employment challenge for monetary policy than helping workers become more productive.
The authors put the problem plainly:
"The apparent stability is cancellation, not balance."
Why Automation Requires A Larger Rate Cut
The paper separates two ways AI can affect work. The first is augmentation, where AI helps someone complete an existing job faster. The second is automation, where software or machines take over tasks that people were paid to perform. Companies will often use both in the same business, but the difference is important.
Even the first case reduces the need for labour in the model's short run. That may sound backwards. If employees become more productive, a company can produce the same amount with fewer hours. Prices and customer demand do not adjust immediately, so new orders do not replace those hours quickly enough. Automation has a larger effect because some tasks leave the workforce altogether.
To restore employment, the model lowers rates enough to increase spending. The larger cut needed after automation also sends more demand into the industry already running near capacity, where businesses respond by raising prices rather than producing much more. That is why the 3.34 point result is more than a larger version of the 1.48 point result. It carries a greater inflation cost.
For founders and investors, two AI projects can produce the same increase in output and still create very different businesses. A company that helps employees handle more customers may increase sales, hiring and margins together. A company that removes whole tasks may improve margins while cutting payroll and reducing demand for certain skills. The headline productivity number doesn't tell you which one is happening.
Stable Inflation Can Hide Industry Job Losses
When AI helps workers produce more, costs and prices can fall in the industries using it. A rate cut may then raise spending and prices elsewhere. The national average can look calm because the price changes cancel each other, even while AI exposed industries are losing jobs.
Automation produces a different result. The larger rate cut raises prices in both industries, so headline inflation reveals more of the strain. The comparison is that the same increase in output can create a different employment and inflation problem depending on whether AI supports paid work or replaces it.
Canada won't experience this evenly. Canada's AI productivity test found that adoption is already much higher in finance and insurance than across the business economy as a whole. Employment, wages, prices and AI use by industry may therefore tell policy makers more than one national average.
Retraining Reduces The Pressure On Interest Rates
The model improves when workers can reach industries that still need them. With easier job transfers, the required rate cut falls from 1.48 to 0.44 percentage points when AI helps workers. It falls from 3.34 to 1.05 points when AI replaces tasks. Retraining, recognized credentials, relocation support and faster hiring between industries can reduce the pressure placed on interest rates.
Investment can produce the opposite result. When money flows quickly into companies automating work, financing and equipment can become more expensive for other businesses. In that model scenario, the required rate cut rises from 3.34 to 4.09 percentage points. An AI investment boom can strengthen the companies buying the technology while adding costs for businesses competing for capital, infrastructure and skilled operators.
Interest rate cuts can also preserve jobs that automation has removed from a company's long term staffing needs. That may delay workers from reaching employers that still need them. Lower rates can buy time, but they can't retrain a worker, recognize a credential or help someone qualify for a growing occupation.
That changes what leaders should measure. Operators need to separate productivity gained through higher sales from savings gained through fewer paid hours. Investors should distinguish growth led margins from payroll led margins. Policy makers need industry level data on AI use, job openings, wages and prices early enough to see whether workers are reaching expanding sectors.
Talking Point
When AI raises output, how much comes from serving more customers and how much comes from removing paid work?
Related NCFA Intelligence
Continue through the Canadian policy, business and financial developments most closely connected to AI productivity and employment.
How permissions, reliable data and human review affect the use of AI inside financial firms.
Frequently Asked Questions About AI And Monetary Policy
Is this an official Bank of Canada forecast?
No. The figures come from hypothetical cases in an independent staff paper. They are not forecasts, rate recommendations or statements from the Bank's Governing Council.
Why does automation require a larger rate cut in the model?
Automation removes more paid work than AI that helps employees become productive. Restoring employment therefore requires a stronger increase in spending, which the model produces through a larger interest rate cut.
How can inflation remain stable while industries lose jobs?
AI can lower prices in industries where productivity rises while lower interest rates raise prices elsewhere. Those changes can cancel each other in the national average even as employment falls in certain industries.
What should Canada track as businesses adopt AI?
Industry level AI use, employment, job openings, wages and prices can show whether higher output is coming from growth, fewer paid hours or both. National inflation alone cannot provide that detail.
This article interprets independent Bank of Canada staff research. The paper uses hypothetical model scenarios. It is not an economic forecast, interest rate recommendation or Governing Council position. Information is current to July 29, 2026 and is provided for informational purposes only.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
July 29, 2026 | NCFA Market Activity | Artificial Intelligence And Data, Risk Compliance And Regtech, Competition And Market Structure
KPMG Canada Takes OpenAI Into Client Work
On July 29, 2026, KPMG Canada and OpenAIformed a Canadian alliance covering AI implementation, governance and cybersecurity. KPMG Canada also became an OpenAI Elite Partner, the highest level in OpenAI's partner network.
There's already a working base. More than 3,000 KPMG Canada employees have access to ChatGPT Enterprise. KPMG Canada says its Deal Advisory teams use Codex, OpenAI's coding agent, to help review thousands of pages of transaction documents and financial data, pull out relevant information and prepare analysis for professional review. KPMG Canada is also joining OpenAI's Daybreak Cyber Partner Program.
The alliance gives OpenAI a large Canadian delivery partner and gives KPMG closer access to the models, tools and technical support its clients are buying. The business opportunity lies in turning those tools into secure workflows that employees can use every day.
Ksenia Chumachenko, Head of Global Alliances at OpenAI:
"Canadian organizations are ready to move beyond pilots and put AI into production at enterprise scale."
KPMG Is Selling The Integration Work
Buying access to an AI model is straightforward. Connecting it to company data, permissions and existing software takes far more work. A bank reviewing customer files, a deal team reading contracts or a government department processing records also needs security controls, human approvals and a reliable account of what the system did. That's the work KPMG Canada wants to sell.
Its internal Codex workflow gives the firm a concrete implementation example, with experienced professionals still responsible for reviewing the output. KPMG Canada hasn't reported the time saved, accuracy rate, transaction volume or financial return. Those numbers will determine whether the partnership's service becomes repeatable and scales or remains an internal productivity case.
KPMG has used this delivery model before. Its work with CapIntel combines wealth technology with integration and change management for financial institutions. The OpenAI alliance applies the same commercial logic across a much larger range of business processes.
Cybersecurity adds another line of work. Through Daybreak, KPMG Canada plans to combine OpenAI models with its security and risk services. The announcement doesn't name a Canadian customer, deployed cyber product or launch date. Buyers should expect those details before treating the program as a proven commercial offer.
OpenAI Gains A Canadian Enterprise Channel
The Canadian agreement follows a U.S. alliance announced on July 21. The U.S. program includes OpenAI engineer certification, public sector software and work inside OpenAI's own supply chain systems. The Canadian announcement doesn't confirm that every U.S. program will be available here. The commercial aim is to get from a product demonstration to a paid deployment faster.
KPMG is keeping its model options open. A May 2026 Anthropic agreement is bringing Claude into KPMG's global workforce and client platforms. Canadian buyers will need to know why KPMG recommends one model over another and whether its commercial relationships influence that advice.
Canadian business use of AI rose from about 3% in 2022 to roughly 12% in 2025, while finance and insurance exceeded 30%. The Canadian adoption data points to a larger implementation market, with firms competing to connect AI to important work without losing control of customer data, security or accountability.
Client Results Are Still Missing
KPMG Canada has scale, technical access and more than 10,000 employees across over 40 locations. However, the alliance still has to prove that the finished systems are worth buying. Clients will want shorter processing times, lower operating costs, fewer errors or better service. They will also need clear rules for data access, human approval and responsibility when an agent produces a weak answer or takes the wrong action.
Specialist AI integrators and other large consulting firms are competing for the same work. Investors should watch for named production clients, repeat deployments, contract expansion and measured operating results. Partner status may open the door.
Talking Point
Which Canadian workflow will give KPMG and OpenAI their first measurable client result?
Related NCFA Intelligence
Follow the Canadian delivery, governance and security work most closely connected to this alliance.
Why organizations need to identify agents, limit access and monitor the actions they take.
Frequently Asked Questions About The KPMG OpenAI Alliance
What did KPMG Canada and OpenAI announce?
They formed an alliance focused on putting OpenAI models and agents into Canadian business and public sector workflows. KPMG Canada will provide implementation, governance, risk and cybersecurity services around the technology.
How is KPMG Canada already using OpenAI?
More than 3,000 employees have access to ChatGPT Enterprise. KPMG Canada says its Deal Advisory teams use Codex to review transaction documents and financial data, identify relevant information and prepare analysis for professional review.
What does OpenAI Elite Partner mean?
KPMG says it is the highest level in the OpenAI Partner Network. The designation shows a close delivery relationship. It doesn't establish client adoption or the performance of a particular deployment.
Is the Canadian agreement the same as the U.S. alliance?
No. The Canadian announcement focuses on Canadian clients, internal use, Deal Advisory and the Daybreak cyber program. The earlier U.S. announcement includes additional programs that KPMG Canada has not confirmed for this market.
Is KPMG working only with OpenAI?
No exclusivity was announced. KPMG also has a global agreement with Anthropic and is bringing Claude into its workforce and client platforms.
Has KPMG reported Canadian client results?
Not yet. The July 29 announcement did not identify a Canadian client deployment, contract value, pricing model, productivity result or revenue target.
Partner status and internal use examples do not establish client performance or future revenue. Undisclosed commercial terms and unreported operating results are identified as such. Information may change after the publication date. This content is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment, financial or legal advice.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
July 29, 2026 | NCFA Market Activity | Digital Assets Blockchain And Tokenization, Capital Markets And Market Infrastructure, Artificial Intelligence And Data
Nearly 1,000 Patents Across Stablecoins, Payments And AI
On July 27, 2026, Circle acquired part of IBM's blockchain patent portfolio. The deal covers more than 680 patent families and nearly 1,000 issued patents worldwide across blockchain technology, banking, financial services, insurance, enterprise infrastructure, supply chain verification and secure cloud operations. Circle says the purchase makes it the largest U.S. holder of blockchain patents. The price wasn't disclosed.
That's a substantial collection. A patent family usually groups related applications filed in different countries around the same or similar invention. Nearly 1,000 issued patents therefore doesn't mean Circle bought nearly 1,000 separate technologies.
Circle says the portfolio supports USDC, Circle Payments Network, its Arc blockchain and financial tools built for AI agents and agentic finance. Circle and IBM also plan to explore other commercial work together. What hasn't been disclosed is just as important. Circle hasn't said how many patents were issued in the United States, how long they have before they expire, whether IBM kept any licensing or usage rights, or how Circle plans to use the portfolio.
What Circle Actually Bought
A patent gives its owner the right to stop others from making, using or selling the claimed invention in the jurisdiction where it was granted. The commercial value depends on the claims, their remaining life, where they apply and whether they cover technology that companies actually need.
There are several ways Circle can use the patents. They can use them defensively if another company challenges its products, license selected rights to partners, include them in a commercial agreement or enforce them where it believes a competitor is infringing. Circle joined the LOT Network in 2023 to reduce its exposure to patents acquired by patent assertion firms, which suggests its earlier IP strategy was primarily defensive. The IBM purchase gives Circle more choices, but the company hasn't said which one it intends to use.
The portfolio also arrives as Circle is taking on more of the financial stack. USDC remains the core business. At March 31, 2026, Circle reported US$77 billion of USDC in circulation, 28% of the fiat-backed stablecoin market and US$694 million in quarterly revenue and reserve income. Reserve income still supplied 94% of that total. The company is growing other revenue, but it remains highly exposed to USDC circulation, interest rates and the distribution payments required to support its network.
Where The Patents Fit In Circle's Business
Circle has been adding products around the stablecoin rather than relying on issuance alone. Circle Payments Network connects financial institutions for cross-border settlement. Arc gives the company its own blockchain environment for payments, foreign exchange and capital markets applications. Its developer tools cover wallets, contracts and transfers between blockchains.
Circle has been adding products around the stablecoin rather than relying on issuance alone. Circle Payments Network connects financial institutions for cross-border settlement. Arc gives the company its own blockchain environment for payments, foreign exchange and capital markets applications. Its developer tools cover wallets, contracts and transfers between blockchains. In July, Circle received final OCC approval to establish a U.S. national trust bank, adding federally supervised custody and the possibility of managing the USDC reserve later.
NCFA has followed that expansion through Circle's public listing, its push to make stablecoins usable through banks and its infrastructure for AI agent payments. The IBM portfolio can support those products where the patent claims match what Circle is building. It may also give enterprise partners more confidence that Circle has rights around important parts of its technology.
For Canada, the immediate connection is USDC. Circle committed to meet Canadian value-referenced crypto asset requirements in 2024, allowing registered crypto platforms that comply with the rules to continue offering it. Circle's Canadian undertaking explains that operating position. Canadian banks, payment firms and fintechs considering stablecoin infrastructure will care less about the size of the patent portfolio than whether it produces reliable products, clearer commercial rights and integrations they can use.
What Could Create Value And What Could Get In The Way
Circle could use the relevant patents to build products faster, lower legal risk in partner deals and protect technology that customers are already adopting. Licensing could add another source of fee income, while joint work with IBM could help Circle reach enterprise buyers that are difficult to win through crypto channels alone.
There are limits however. A large portfolio costs money to review, maintain and defend. Some patents may cover older systems, narrow claims or countries that don't matter to Circle's current sales. Enforcement can be expensive and may create friction with developers or partners. Most importantly, Circle hasn't connected the portfolio to a new product, customer contract, licensing programme or revenue target.
Founders should read this as an IP and distribution decision, not a product launch. Investors have clearer numbers to watch. Those include growth in Circle's non-reserve revenue, adoption of Circle Payments Network and Arc, new IBM commercial agreements, licensing income and any legal action tied to the acquired patents. Until those appear, the portfolio expands Circle's options. It doesn't tell us which options will pay.
Talking Point Will Circle use the IBM patents to build faster, win enterprise partners or keep competitors away?
NCFA Company Intelligence Snapshot
Circle
Stablecoins, payments and programmable financial infrastructure for institutions and developers
Last updated Jul 29, 2026
Company At A Glance
Founded2013 by Jeremy Allaire and Sean Neville
HeadquartersNew York, United States
StatusPublic company, NYSE CRCL
Company StagePublic Scale
ProductsUSDC, EURC, USYC, Circle Mint, Circle Payments Network, Arc and developer infrastructure
USDC CirculationUS$77.0B at Mar 31, 2026
Q1 2026 RevenueUS$694M total revenue and reserve income
Market Share28% of fiat-backed stablecoins at Mar 31, 2026
Regulatory PositionU.S. national trust bank approval plus regulated entities in the EU, Singapore, Bermuda and other markets
Milestones
Select a milestone to follow Circle's development
1Consumer Launch2013-2016
2USDC Focus2018-2019
3Institutional Scale2021-2024
4Public Platform2025
5Financial StackJan-Jul 2026
6IBM PatentsJul 2026
Milestone 1
Consumer Payments Launch (2013-2016)
Jeremy Allaire and Sean Neville founded Circle in 2013. Its first product made it easier for consumers to buy, hold and send bitcoin, then added dollar, pound and euro balances for social payments.
Company
Circle Internet FinancialFounded by Jeremy Allaire and Sean Neville
Stage
LaunchConsumer bitcoin and money transfer service
Capital
US$136MFunding announced through the 2016 strategic round
Markets
US, UK And EuropeDollar, pound and euro payment accounts
Customers
ConsumersPeople buying bitcoin and sending money
Competition
Simple AccessReduced the friction of buying and using bitcoin
Additional Company Data
US$17 million Series B in 2014 brought total funding to US$26 million
US$50 million round in 2015 was co-led by Goldman Sachs and IDG Capital
Circle became the first company to receive a New York BitLicense in 2015
US$60 million financing in 2016 supported international expansion
NCFA Perspective
Circle began by hiding much of bitcoin's complexity from consumers. The company later applied the same idea to businesses that wanted blockchain settlement without building every part themselves.
Milestone 2
USDC Becomes The Core Business (2018-2019)
Circle launched USDC in September 2018 with the CENTRE consortium and support from more than 30 exchanges, wallets, protocols and applications. After acquiring and later spinning out Poloniex, Circle concentrated the company around USDC and related services.
Company
Stablecoin IssuerCircle became the first commercial issuer of USDC
Stage
Product FocusUSDC replaced exchange ownership as the main direction
Capital
US$110M Series EBitmain led the 2018 financing tied to USDC
Markets
Crypto MarketsA digital dollar for trading, payments and settlement
Customers
Platforms And DevelopersExchanges, wallets, protocols and applications
Competition
Redeemable DollarOpen ERC-20 access with reserve attestations
Additional Company Data
USDC launched on Sep 26, 2018
Circle and Coinbase co-founded the CENTRE Consortium
USDC initially used Ethereum's ERC-20 standard
Circle spun Poloniex into a separate company in Oct 2019
NCFA Perspective
USDC gave Circle a product that other companies could distribute. The dollar token could travel through exchanges, wallets and applications while Circle handled issuance and redemption.
Milestone 3
Institutional And Regulatory Scale (2021-2024)
USDC circulation reached US$22 billion in 2021 and passed US$50 billion in early 2022. Circle raised new capital, brought BlackRock and BNY into reserve management and custody, then added regulatory positions in Singapore, the European Union and Canada.
Company
Regulated InfrastructureStablecoin issuance supported by institutional reserve partners
Stage
Institutional ScaleUSDC became a large settlement asset
Capital
US$840MUS$440 million raised in 2021 and US$400 million announced in 2022
Markets
Global RegulationLicensing and compliance expanded across major financial centres
Customers
InstitutionsExchanges, fintechs, banks and asset managers
Competition
Reserve TrustLiquidity, redemption and regulated access became selling points
Additional Company Data
BNY became a primary custodian for USDC reserves in 2022
BlackRock began managing the Circle Reserve Fund
Circle received a Singapore Major Payment Institution licence in 2023
Circle's French entity became a MiCA-compliant issuer in Jul 2024
USDC met Canadian VRCA listing requirements in Dec 2024
NCFA Perspective
Circle paired stablecoin growth with banking relationships and regulated entities. That work helped USDC remain available in markets where issuer standards became stricter.
Milestone 4
Public Company And Platform Expansion (2025)
Circle listed on the New York Stock Exchange in June 2025. It also launched Circle Payments Network and the Arc public testnet, adding payment coordination and a company-led blockchain to the stablecoins and developer services already in market.
Company
NYSE CRCLPublic internet financial platform company
Stage
Public ScaleStablecoin issuer expanded into network products
Capital
US$583MNet primary IPO proceeds after underwriting, before offering costs
Markets
Payments And Capital MarketsCross-border settlement, tokenized assets and blockchain applications
Customers
Financial InstitutionsBanks, payment firms, asset managers and developers
Competition
Full PlatformCircle began competing beyond stablecoin issuance
Additional Company Data
IPO priced at US$31 per share and the total offering reached about US$1.2 billion
USDC ended 2025 with US$75.3 billion in circulation, up 72%
Circle reported US$2.7 billion in 2025 total revenue and reserve income
CPN had 55 enrolled financial institutions by Feb 2026
Arc public testnet launched with more than 100 participants
NCFA Perspective
The listing funded a wider platform. Circle now had to show that payments, Arc and software services could become businesses of their own instead of remaining support for USDC circulation.
Milestone 5
Financial Stack Expansion (Jan-Jul 2026)
Circle expanded managed payments, bank distribution and AI tools while USDC reached US$77 billion in circulation. Final U.S. approval for Circle National Trust added a federally supervised custody business and a possible future role in reserve management.
Company
Full-Stack PlatformStablecoins, payments, blockchain, custody and software tools
Stage
Product ExpansionMore services built around USDC distribution
Capital
US$55M Net IncomeQ1 2026 income from continuing operations on US$694 million in revenue and reserve income
Markets
Bank And Enterprise AccessInstitutional settlement, custody and programmable payments
Customers
Banks And Payment FirmsStandard Chartered, Nium and CPN participants
Competition
Distribution RaceStablecoin issuers, banks and payment networks compete for settlement flows
Additional Company Data
USDC held 28% of the fiat-backed stablecoin market at Mar 31, 2026
Reserve income supplied 94% of Q1 2026 revenue and reserve income
Other revenue doubled year over year to US$42 million in Q1
CPN annualized transaction volume reached US$8.3 billion at Mar 31
Circle National Trust is a trust bank, not a retail deposit-taking bank
NCFA Perspective
Circle is using USDC distribution to sell more payment, custody and software services. The main commercial test is whether those products can reduce the company's dependence on reserve income.
Milestone 6
IBM Blockchain Patent Portfolio (Jul 2026)
Circle acquired more than 680 IBM patent families covering nearly 1,000 issued patents worldwide. The portfolio spans blockchain, banking, insurance, enterprise infrastructure, supply chain verification and secure cloud operations.
Company
Circle IP PortfolioAcquired patents added to Circle's internal technology
Stage
IP ExpansionProduct rights and legal options expanded
Capital
UndisclosedPurchase price and financial terms weren't published
Markets
Global PatentsIssued rights across multiple jurisdictions and industries
Customers
Enterprise UsersFinancial institutions, payment firms and developers
Competition
IP PositionCircle says it is now the leading U.S. blockchain patent holder
Additional Company Data
The portfolio contains related patents within more than 680 patent families
Circle says the rights support USDC, CPN, Arc and agentic financial tools
Circle and IBM plan to explore further commercial opportunities
Circle hasn't disclosed the U.S. patent count, remaining terms or licensing plan
No product revenue or customer contract was announced with the acquisition
NCFA Perspective
The portfolio can help Circle protect products, negotiate enterprise deals or license technology. Its value will become clearer when patents appear in products, partnerships, revenue or legal action.
Related NCFA Intelligence
Four useful ways to place Circle's patent portfolio inside the stablecoin market it is building around.
The federal reserve, redemption and issuer requirements behind Circle's current U.S. expansion.
Frequently Asked Questions About Circle
What did Circle acquire from IBM?
Circle acquired part of IBM's blockchain patent portfolio. The transaction covers more than 680 patent families and nearly 1,000 issued patents worldwide across blockchain, banking, financial services, insurance, enterprise infrastructure, supply chain verification and secure cloud operations.
Does Circle now own nearly 1,000 separate inventions?
Not necessarily. A patent family groups related patent applications covering the same or similar invention in one or more jurisdictions. The portfolio contains nearly 1,000 issued patents within more than 680 families, so the patent count should not be read as the number of separate technologies acquired.
Why did Circle buy IBM's blockchain patents?
Circle says the portfolio supports USDC, Circle Payments Network, Arc, onchain products and financial tools for AI agents. It may also use relevant patents in product development, commercial agreements, licensing or legal defence. Circle has not published a detailed patent use or licensing plan.
How much did Circle pay IBM?
The purchase price and other financial terms were not disclosed. Circle also has not said how many acquired patents were issued in the United States, how long individual rights have left to run or whether IBM retained licences.
Will the patent portfolio generate revenue for Circle?
Circle has not announced patent licensing revenue, a product launch, a customer contract or a financial target tied to the acquisition. Licensing and commercial partnerships are possible uses, but their value cannot be confirmed until Circle reports an agreement or financial result.
How does Circle currently make money?
Circle earns most of its revenue from the reserve assets backing USDC. Reserve income supplied 94% of its US$694 million in total revenue and reserve income during the first quarter of 2026. Other revenue includes integration services, blockchain rewards, redemption fees and fund management fees.
How large is USDC?
Circle reported US$77.0 billion of USDC in circulation and a 28% share of the fiat-backed stablecoin market at March 31, 2026. Those figures can change with issuance, redemptions and market demand.
Is Circle a bank?
Circle Internet Group is a public financial technology company. In July 2026 it received approval to establish Circle National Trust, a U.S. national trust bank intended for digital asset custody and possible future USDC reserve management. A national trust bank is not the same as a retail bank that accepts insured customer deposits.
Is USDC available in Canada?
USDC can be offered by Canadian registered crypto asset trading platforms that comply with the Canadian Securities Administrators' value-referenced crypto asset requirements. Availability depends on the platform, and USDC is not covered by Canadian deposit insurance.
Is Circle publicly traded?
Yes. Circle Internet Group listed on the New York Stock Exchange in June 2025 under the ticker CRCL. Public company financial results cover the Circle group and should not be treated as separate results for every product or regulated subsidiary.
Patent counts do not establish product quality, commercial value or future revenue. Undisclosed transaction terms and possible patent uses are identified as such. Information may change after the stated update date. This content is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment, financial or legal advice.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
July 28, 2026 | NCFA Question | Digital Assets Blockchain And Tokenization, Banking And Credit, Payments And Money Movement
Last Updated: July 28, 2026
Status: Emerging
Organizations: Credit Union Digital Asset Task Force, St. Cloud Financial Credit Union, Amanda Wick, World Council of Credit Unions, National Digital Banking Working Group, Central 1, Large Credit Union Coalition, Payments Canada, Stablecore, Curql, TruStage, CrossState Credit Union Association, Metallicus, Q2, Jack Henry, Coinbax, NCUA
Shared Diligence Before Shared Digital Asset Products
The U.S. initiative is led by Chase Larson, Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer at St. Cloud Financial Credit Union. It is designed to help credit union boards and executives understand stablecoins, tokenization, crypto assets, regulation, infrastructure and risk.
Starting with education and coordination makes sense. Credit union leaders need a practical way to compare the member value, operating costs and regulatory responsibilities before deciding whether a digital asset service belongs in their strategy.
Other developments show how quickly the discussion is advancing. Credit unions are joining early access programs, testing infrastructure through association cohorts, assessing platform integrations and considering stablecoin and tokenized deposit services.
The World Council of Credit Unions has also placed digital money on the cooperative finance agenda. Its July 2026 stablecoin paper examines potential effects on deposits, payments, member relationships and the future role of credit unions.
Canada already has groups that coordinate technology procurement, common architecture, digital identity and payments modernization. The practical question is whether those collaborative models should now be used to study digital assets together.
Strategic Takeaway
Canadian credit unions already have collaboration models that could support shared digital asset research, vendor assessment and controlled testing. What they still need is an agreed member or operating problem to solve and a regulatory route that works across federal and provincial responsibilities. Shared diligence is the most practical place to begin.
Canadian credit unions already collaborate on major technology purchases, common architecture and payments infrastructure (confirmed foundation)
Credit unions account for approximately $764 billion of the $771.3 billion captured in Canada’s community finance market baseline (economic scale)
Shared research, procurement and governance could reduce repeated legal, security and technology work (transferable capability)
Credit union initiatives now cover education, early access, sandbox testing, stablecoins, tokenized deposits, custody and platform integration (international progress)
Existing credit union groups could evaluate the market without creating another organization (Canadian opportunity)
Key Questions: Deposit protection, reserves, custody, liquidity, redemptions, governance and member protection require clear treatment
How Canadian Credit Unions Already Work Together
Canada’s strongest foundation isn’t a blockchain pilot. It is the way credit unions already collaborate on expensive technology, procurement, architecture and national infrastructure.
Some of those capabilities could transfer directly to digital asset work. Others are closely related. Together, they show that institutions can share complex diligence while retaining control over contracts, governance and implementation.
The National Digital Banking Working Group coordinated vendor review, procurement, migration planning and implementation after Central 1 announced its digital banking transition. Its public membership page listed 59 institutions, while 37 selected Intellect Design Arena’s eMACH.ai platform.
This was more than a discussion forum. Participating institutions pooled expertise and bargaining power, then made their own implementation decisions. A digital asset initiative could follow the same model without requiring every credit union to adopt the same product.
The Large Credit Union Coalition offers another example. Its work has included artificial intelligence, digital identity, common architecture, collective purchasing and payments modernization.
Digital identity, architecture and collective purchasing could support the evaluation of wallet providers, custodians, transaction monitoring systems and settlement networks. The same structure could help institutions compare risks, costs and member use cases.
Payments coordination is already familiar. Central 1 and the other Group Clearer centrals created the Payments Modernization Advisory Group with 12 credit unions to represent sector requirements during national infrastructure development.
That experience is relevant because stablecoins and tokenized deposits would need to interact with clearing, settlement, liquidity, fraud controls and account infrastructure. Many of those questions also also relevant to Canada’s Real Time Rail development.
The opening of Payments Canada membership creates another connection. Credit unions, payment service providers, fintechs, foreign exchange firms and digital asset companies are gaining a wider role in national payment infrastructure. NCFA’s analysis of Canada’s financial infrastructure shows how access, licensing and participation are evolving.
Consumer data access is important too. Canada’s open banking framework is creating new expectations around consent, identity, liability and financial service integration. Digital asset products offered through regulated institutions would need to fit within that same trust environment.
The size of the sector makes this more than a technology discussion. The Canadian community finance market baseline identified 306 credit unions holding approximately $764 billion of the $771.3 billion in total assets included in the dataset.
The SVX report doesn’t examine stablecoins or digital assets. Its relevance is the amount of member and community capital already managed through cooperative institutions. Changes to deposits, payments and settlement infrastructure could therefore have material consequences for credit unions.
Canada isn’t starting with an empty page. Credit unions already know how to organize expertise, negotiate together, coordinate architecture and represent shared interests.
The next step is deciding whether digital assets deserve a place within that existing collaborative work.
How Other Credit Unions Are Approaching Digital Assets
No common single operating model has emerged. Credit unions and their service organizations are taking different approaches based on regulation, member needs, internal capability and available partners.
Some initiatives begin with education and advocacy. Others involve early access, sandbox testing, planned products, core integrations or regulatory development. These examples offer reference points for Canada rather than a ready made plan.
Market Evidence
Click each to expand
1. A U.S. Task Force Starts With Executive Education United States
Emerging Coordination
Amanda Wick announced a Credit Union Digital Asset Task Force led by Chase Larson, Executive Vice President and Chief Lending Officer at St. Cloud Financial Credit Union.
Its scope includes stablecoins, crypto assets, tokenization, regulation, infrastructure and risk.
The intended audience includes credit union boards and executives.
The initial focus is practical education and shared understanding.
The model gives leaders a way to compare developments before making product decisions.
The initiative brings digital assets into a sector level credit union discussion. It also provides a useful model for Canada, where an existing group could coordinate education, research and early use case assessment.
2. WOCCU Treats Stablecoins As A Cooperative Strategy Question Global
Global Strategic Framework
The World Council of Credit Unions released the first paper in a planned series examining how new forms of digital money could affect the global credit union system.
The first paper focuses on stablecoins and their potential effects on deposits, payments and member relationships.
WOCCU identifies deposit displacement, reduced payment activity and exclusion from new payment infrastructure as possible risks.
It calls for proportionate regulation that recognizes cooperative ownership and structure.
Boards and senior leaders are encouraged to treat stablecoins as a governance and planning issue.
Education, partnerships, shared investment and collective action are identified as possible responses.
Future papers are expected to examine tokenized deposits, central bank digital currencies and regulatory design.
WOCCU isn’t calling on every credit union to issue a stablecoin. It is asking whether cooperative institutions have the authority, flexibility and readiness to participate as payment and deposit infrastructure changes.
3. Named Credit Unions Enter Early Access United States
Early Access
Stablecore, Circuit and Curql launched an early access program involving RBFCU, Stanford Federal Credit Union, La Capitol Federal Credit Union and other institutions representing about US$25 billion in combined assets.
The program covers stablecoin payments and tokenized deposits.
It also includes digital asset accounts, Bitcoin access, staking, compliance and member education.
Participating institutions can examine business, technology and compliance requirements together.
The structure allows credit unions to learn from a shared program while making their own decisions.
This initiative has progressed beyond general education. Named credit unions are evaluating defined services through an organized early access program.
4. TruStage Plans A Credit Union Stablecoin United States
Planned Product
TruStage announced plans for TruStage Stablecoin, or TSDA, as a fully reserved U.S. dollar stablecoin for community based financial institutions.
TruStage says it works with more than 93% of over 4,300 U.S. credit unions.
Those institutions collectively hold more than US$2 trillion in assets.
Proposed uses include continuous money movement and faster settlement.
The distribution model would use an established credit union service provider.
TSDA combines a named product, a large credit union network and a defined payment use case. It represents one of the more developed cooperative stablecoin strategies.
5. CrossState Brings 50 Credit Unions Into One Program United States
Sandbox And Pilot Preparation
CrossState Credit Union Association and Metallicus launched Innovation Program 2.0 with an initial cohort of 50 credit unions in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
The program covers stablecoins, digital identity, blockchain infrastructure and faster payments.
It combines executive education with sandbox testing.
Participants can compare use cases, controls and vendors through an association structure.
Credit unions can explore the technology without each institution building its own testing environment.
This may be one of the most relevant models for Canada. Institutions can learn and test together without requiring every participant to become an issuer or infrastructure operator.
6. Q2 Connects Digital Asset Tools To Banking Platforms United States
Available Infrastructure
Q2 partnered with Stablecore to connect stablecoins, tokenized deposits and digital asset accounts with infrastructure already used by banks and credit unions.
Institutions can access the capabilities through Q2 Innovation Studio.
The model reduces the need to assemble a separate technology stack.
Amarillo National Bank and Bank of Utah were named as initial customers.
The partnership gives other financial institutions a route to assess similar services.
This approach brings digital asset capabilities into existing banking technology rather than asking institutions to build a separate platform.
7. Coinbax Opens A Route Into Jack Henry Systems United States
Integration Access
Coinbax joined the Jack Henry Fintech Integration Network to connect stablecoin payment infrastructure with Jack Henry core and digital banking platforms.
Jack Henry technology serves more than 7,400 banks and credit unions.
Coinbax lists programmable escrow, stablecoin payments, cross border transfers, payouts and core reconciliation as use cases.
The network provides integration resources and a route to institutional deployment.
Finex Credit Union has participated as a design partner.
The model shows how a credit union could access digital asset infrastructure through technology relationships it already understands.
8. NCUA Is Developing A Credit Union Stablecoin Rulebook United States
Proposed Regulatory Framework
The National Credit Union Administration has proposed rules for payment stablecoin issuers affiliated with federally insured credit unions.
The framework covers applications, licensing and regulatory review.
It would govern how federally insured credit unions may invest in issuer subsidiaries.
Proposed standards address reserves, redemption, operations, governance and risk management.
Related proposals cover customer identification and Bank Secrecy Act duties.
NCUA would supervise qualifying credit union subsidiaries.
The proposals give U.S. credit unions a clearer view of how ownership, issuance and supervision could work.
Canada doesn’t yet have a comparable credit union framework connecting federal stablecoin requirements with provincial regulation, deposit protection and cooperative ownership. NCFA’s stablecoin regulatory guide tracks the federal framework and the decisions still ahead.
The evidence identifies several ways credit union associations, centrals and collaborative groups could investigate digital assets while controlling cost and risk.
Each option addresses a different problem. Research and testing can be shared, while boards retain responsibility for product approval, compliance, member communication and operations.
Shared research and regulatory analysis could reduce repeated legal, policy and vendor work. A group could map federal and provincial requirements, compare stablecoins with tokenized deposits and examine deposit protection, custody, reserves and redemptions. That work would remain useful even if no product followed.
Coordinated policy engagement could help regulators understand how cooperative ownership, provincial supervision and deposit protection differ from commercial bank and nonbank issuer models. Credit unions may need to take part in regulatory design before deciding whether to offer a service.
Controlled testing could let institutions examine technology, controls and use cases before making production commitments. Shared sandbox work could cover wallet verification, settlement, transaction monitoring, reconciliation, vendor performance and incident recovery.
Cross border business payments may offer one of the clearest commercial tests. Credit unions could retain the member relationship and Canadian dollar account while using regulated digital settlement infrastructure behind the scenes. Foreign exchange, sanctions, wallet ownership, liquidity and redemption would still require strong controls.
Tokenized deposits may fit the credit union model better than a separate stablecoin. A tokenized deposit could remain a claim on a regulated institution rather than becoming a separate private currency. Canada would still need clarity on ownership, settlement finality, interoperability and provincial deposit insurance.
Shared custody and wallet infrastructure could give smaller institutions access to security and compliance capabilities they couldn’t justify independently. The trade off is concentration risk. One vendor failure could affect several institutions, making asset segregation, recovery and liability allocation critical.
Identity and compliance tools may offer a lower risk starting point. Common wallet verification, member authentication, sanctions screening and transaction monitoring could support future payment or custody services without creating immediate issuance or balance sheet exposure.
Business settlement and treasury pilots could test supplier payments, commercial settlement, liquidity management or transfers between institutions. These controlled business uses may have clearer operating value than retail crypto trading.
Shared stablecoin infrastructure would require the greatest level of coordination. Participants would need to agree on reserves, redemption, governance, technology, liquidity, fees, branding and loss allocation. The international examples show how the model could work, but Canada doesn’t need to begin there.
Waiting is also a valid decision. A joint review may find that member demand is weak, costs are too high, regulations remain incomplete or existing payment systems solve the same problem with less risk.
A Practical Starting Point
An existing credit union group could map the rules, rank the use cases, compare vendors and identify one or two controlled tests. Its job would be to determine whether a shared service is justified, not to begin with a stablecoin or blockchain product already selected.
Each option should pass five tests:
What member or operating problem would it solve?
What work can participating institutions share?
What responsibility must remain with each credit union?
Deposit protection remains one of the largest questions. Members need to know whether a tokenized deposit would receive the same provincial protection as funds in an ordinary account. Institutions also need clarity on reserve ownership, liquidity and redemptions during stress.
Custody raises a different set of issues. Who controls the keys? Are assets legally separated if a vendor fails? Who carries the loss when funds go to the wrong wallet? How does a member recover access after fraud, death or lost credentials?
AML controls wouldn’t end at onboarding. Institutions would need to verify wallet ownership, monitor transactions, screen counterparties and decide how to handle transfers involving self hosted wallets.
Shared governance may prove harder than the technology. Participants would need rules for choosing vendors and networks, changing operating standards, setting fees and allocating losses when an institution or service provider fails.
The Bottom Line
Current evidence doesn’t support rushing into a shared Canadian credit union digital asset product. It does support sharing the work required to understand whether one could solve a real problem.
Canadian credit unions already collaborate on technology, architecture, procurement and payments infrastructure. They also manage approximately $764 billion within the country’s community finance baseline. That gives the sector both the capability and the economic reason to pay attention.
Internationally, cooperative institutions are progressing through education, advocacy, early access, sandbox testing, platform integration, planned stablecoins and regulatory development. None offers a complete Canadian template.
The conversation has already begun internationally. Canada’s next decision is whether credit unions build on the collaboration they already have, identify the use cases that could create real member value and help define the market before others define it for them.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Are Canadian credit unions currently issuing stablecoins?
No shared Canadian credit union stablecoin has been publicly announced. The more immediate opportunity is coordinated research into member demand, regulation, infrastructure and risk.
What is a tokenized deposit?
A tokenized deposit is a digital representation of a deposit held with a regulated financial institution. Unlike a separate stablecoin, it may remain a direct claim on the institution, although legal treatment, settlement and deposit protection must be clearly defined.
Why would credit unions work together on digital assets?
Shared work could lower the cost of legal analysis, vendor assessment, cybersecurity review, compliance design and controlled testing. Each credit union could still decide independently whether to offer a product.
Could stablecoins reduce credit union deposits?
They could affect deposit and payment relationships if members begin holding or transferring more value through external digital money platforms. The outcome would depend on adoption, regulation, product design and whether credit unions participate directly.
What is the most practical first step for Canada?
An existing credit union association, central or working group could coordinate education, regulatory analysis, use case ranking and limited testing before institutions commit to a shared product or infrastructure provider.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem providing education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities to thousands of members. NCFA works with industry, government, partners and affiliates to support a competitive and innovative fintech and funding sector in Canada. Join Canada’s Fintech and Funding Community or learn more at NCFA Canada.
July 27, 2026 | NCFA Companies On The Move | Digital Assets Blockchain And Tokenization, Wealth Investing And Trading, Competition And Market Structure
Coinbase Canada’s Everything Exchange Ambition
Parent Founded2012
Canada Launch2023
Parent FoundersBrian Armstrong and Fred Ehrsam
Company StageMarket Expansion
Coinbase is preparing to offer crypto derivatives to Canadian permitted clients, the first near term product in a much larger Canadian platform plan. In a Coinbase Canada interview, chief executive Eric Richmond said Coinbase Financial Markets had received an international exemption and expected the product to go live within weeks. He also wants Coinbase Canada to become a CIRO dealer in early 2027.
The derivatives aren’t live yet, and the first release isn’t intended for the general retail market. Stocks, ETFs and prediction markets are also part of Coinbase’s Canadian ambition, but no complete launch date has been announced. This profile separates what Canadians can use today from the approvals, products and customer adoption Coinbase still needs to turn a crypto account into a wider investment platform.
What Coinbase Canada Offers And What Comes Next
Canadians can already use Coinbase for spot crypto trading, Advanced trading tools, Interac e Transfer and electronic funds transfer deposits, PayPal purchases and eligible USDC rewards. The Coinbase Canada platform operates as a restricted dealer across every province and territory and as a registered FINTRAC money services business. Richmond said it lists more than 200 crypto assets.
The first expansion is narrower than the larger platform pitch. Coinbase Financial Markets expects to offer derivatives through an international exemption within weeks, beginning with permitted clients. The OSC permitted client definition includes institutions and certain financially sophisticated clients. It doesn’t include every Coinbase Canada customer.
Richmond’s next target is early 2027 membership in the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization. The CIRO crypto dealer requirements cover capital, conduct, custody, operations and supervision. Approval would give Coinbase Canada a more permanent dealer base than its current restricted dealer registration, although it wouldn’t approve every future product automatically.
The ambition goes well beyond derivatives. Richmond has described a Canadian app spanning crypto, cash, stocks, ETFs and prediction markets. The Coinbase tokenized stock plan separately refers to customers outside the United States, but that wording doesn’t confirm Canadian availability. No complete Canadian launch date has been published for stocks, ETFs or prediction markets.
Why The Canadian Plan Needs Several Approvals
Coinbase can’t bring every global product into Canada under one registration. Its restricted dealer status supports the crypto trading business already operating here. Derivatives would come through a separate Coinbase affiliate and an exemption for permitted clients. Stocks and ETFs need securities dealer permissions, while prediction markets could face different requirements depending on the contracts and how they’re offered.
That puts regulation inside the product plan. Coinbase signed an enhanced preregistration undertaking in March 2023, launched its Canadian service with Interac access that August and completed its Coinbase Canada registration in April 2024. It became the first international exchange registered as a restricted dealer in Canada. It’s now adding products in the order its permissions allow instead of treating the global catalogue as one Canadian launch.
CIRO membership sits in the middle of that plan. Canada has been directing crypto trading platforms toward investment dealer registration and CIRO membership, while CIRO’s 2026 custody framework adds specific expectations for digital and tokenized assets. Membership wouldn’t approve every future product on its own. It would give Coinbase Canada a stronger dealer base from which to apply.
Founders and operators will recognize the build underneath the app. One customer interface may rely on several legal entities, registrations and product approvals. The front end can feel simple even when custody, execution, market access, capital and customer protection sit in separate operating lanes.
Why Coinbase Wants More Than Spot Trading
Coinbase Global’s first quarter figures explain why the company wants more ways to earn from each account. Coinbase Global spot volume fell 50% from a year earlier to US$202 billion, while monthly transacting users declined 15% to 8.2 million. Net revenue was US$1.3 billion, and the company recorded a US$394 million net loss. Those are global Coinbase figures, not Coinbase Canada results.
Other products are already helping to carry more of the business. Coinbase reported more than US$200 million in annualized retail derivatives revenue, while prediction markets reached US$100 million in annualized revenue during March. Its 2025 purchase of Deribit added a large crypto options business, and subscription and services produced US$583.5 million of first quarter net revenue. A customer using several products can remain valuable even when spot trading cools.
Canada is already a serious platform contest. Wealthsimple combines stocks, ETFs, crypto, cash accounts and other financial products inside one app. Robinhood entered Canada in June by buying WonderFi, giving it Bitbuy, Coinsquare, approximately 300,000 funded customers and regulated local infrastructure. Robinhood’s WonderFi purchase showed what that operating base was worth before the transaction closed. Kraken, Shakepay, NDAX and other registered platforms compete for crypto customers, while banks and established brokerages already control much of the Canadian investment relationship.
Coinbase brings a global exchange, custody, stablecoin and derivatives stack to that contest. Its challenge is local distribution. Canadians need a reason to transfer cash and assets, accept a new fee structure and keep several parts of their financial lives in the same account. Product breadth helps, but pricing, trust, tax reporting, execution quality and the limits attached to each registration will decide whether the app becomes a primary account or another trading venue.
What Makes Coinbase Canada Different In Summer 2026
Coinbase enters this Canadian stage with infrastructure a local exchange would struggle to replicate. Deribit adds options depth, Coinbase Financial Markets provides a regulated derivatives route, and USDC supports trading and rewards. The public parent also ended March with US$10.4 billion in cash, cash equivalents and marketable investments.
None of that makes Canadian adoption automatic. The derivatives release still has to launch, attract permitted clients and work well. CIRO membership remains a target, while stocks, ETFs, prediction markets and tokenized equities still need confirmed Canadian availability. Coinbase doesn’t publish Canadian customers, assets, revenue or market share, so public figures can’t yet show how large the local business has become.
The Company Intelligence Snapshot below follows the company, capital, product and regulatory decisions that brought Coinbase to this Canadian expansion stage.
NCFA Company Intelligence Snapshot
Coinbase Canada
The Canadian operating business, shown with the Coinbase Global history and infrastructure behind its expansion
Last updated Jul 27, 2026
Company At A Glance
Parent FoundedCoinbase was founded in 2012 by Brian Armstrong and Fred Ehrsam
Parent StatusCoinbase Global is listed on Nasdaq under COIN
Canadian EntityCoinbase Canada, Inc., incorporated in British Columbia
Canadian StatusRestricted dealer in all provinces and territories; FINTRAC MSB M22815925
Current Canada OfferSpot crypto, Advanced trading, Interac and EFT funding, PayPal purchases and eligible USDC rewards
Near Term PlanCrypto derivatives for Canadian permitted clients through Coinbase Financial Markets
Regulatory TargetCIRO dealer membership in early 2027, according to the Canadian chief executive
Global Q1 RevenueUS$1.3B net revenue; Coinbase does not disclose Canadian revenue
Global Platform AssetsUS$294B at Mar 31, 2026; Canadian assets are not disclosed
Global Users8.2M monthly transacting users in Q1 2026; Canadian users are not disclosed
Business ModelTransaction revenue plus subscription and services revenue from stablecoins, custody, staking, financing and memberships
Canadian CompetitionWealthsimple, Robinhood through WonderFi, Kraken, Shakepay, NDAX and established brokerages
Milestones
Select a milestone to follow how Coinbase built a public crypto platform and entered its next Canadian market stage
1Formation2012
2Public ListingApr 2021
3Canada LaunchAug 2023
4Restricted DealerApr 2024
5Everything ExchangeAug 2025 to Jun 2026
6Canada Phase TwoJun to Jul 2026
Milestone 1
Coinbase Starts With A Simple Bitcoin Account (2012)
Brian Armstrong and Fred Ehrsam founded Coinbase in 2012 to make it easier for people to buy, sell, store and transfer Bitcoin. The customer account became the base for a much larger crypto business.
Company
CoinbaseA US founded crypto platform
Stage
FormationA retail entry point into Bitcoin
Capital
Venture BackedPrivate funding supports exchange and custody infrastructure
Markets
United StatesCrypto access before international expansion
Customers
Retail UsersPeople seeking a simpler way to access Bitcoin
Competition
Early ExchangesTrust, payments and ease of use are central differentiators
Additional Company Data
Coinbase begins with a hosted customer account rather than a self custody only product
Trading, custody and fiat access develop around the same customer relationship
Regulatory engagement becomes a core operating requirement as the platform grows
The company later adds institutional and developer businesses alongside retail
Why This Milestone Matters
The original account created the distribution base Coinbase still uses. New products can be offered where customers already hold assets and complete identity checks, reducing the work required to introduce another financial service.
Milestone 2
Coinbase Lists On Nasdaq (Apr 2021)
Coinbase listed its Class A shares directly on Nasdaq under COIN in April 2021. Public reporting opened a clearer view into trading volume, platform assets, users, revenue and the company’s exposure to crypto market cycles.
Company
Coinbase GlobalA public holding company
Stage
Public ScaleExchange growth becomes visible through filings
Capital
Nasdaq listing under COINPublic equity replaces private financing as the main valuation reference
Markets
InternationalThe business expands across retail, institutions and developers
Customers
Several SegmentsConsumers, institutions, businesses and builders
Competition
Global PlatformsCrypto exchanges, custodians and financial apps
Additional Company Data
Transaction revenue remains sensitive to crypto prices and customer activity
Public filings separate transaction revenue from subscription and services
Platform assets and monthly transacting users become important operating measures
The public balance sheet supports acquisitions and regulatory investment
Why This Milestone Matters
The listing gave Coinbase capital and credibility, but it also made the volatility of spot trading visible every quarter. That pressure helps explain the continuing investment in stablecoins, derivatives, subscriptions and other products.
Milestone 3
Coinbase Builds A Canadian Funding Route (Aug 2023)
Coinbase formally launched its Canadian expansion with Interac e Transfers provided through Peoples Trust. More than half of customer deposits used Interac during the month before the announcement, showing why a local payment connection was essential.
Company
Coinbase CanadaA local operating entity within Coinbase Global
Stage
Market EntryCanadian product and payment localization
Capital
Parent FundedNo separate Canadian financing disclosed
Markets
CanadaA priority international market
Customers
Canadian Crypto UsersRetail access with local currency funding
Competition
Local ExchangesInterac reduces a practical advantage held by Canadian platforms
Additional Company Data
Interac e Transfer becomes available to all Canadian Coinbase users
Peoples Trust provides the local payment connection
Canada is also a technology employment base for the global company
Local user, asset and revenue figures are not separately disclosed
Why This Milestone Matters
Global brand recognition wasn’t enough on its own. Coinbase needed a familiar Canadian deposit and withdrawal method before it could compete effectively for the local customer account.
Milestone 4
Coinbase Canada Becomes A Restricted Dealer (Apr 2024)
Coinbase Canada completed restricted dealer registration across Canada in April 2024 after signing an enhanced preregistration undertaking the previous year. It became the first international crypto exchange registered under the Canadian framework.
Company
Coinbase CanadaA registered Canadian crypto platform
Stage
Regulated OperationNational restricted dealer status
Capital
Regulatory CapitalFinancial requirements attach to the registered entity
Markets
All Provinces And TerritoriesCanadian registration coverage
Customers
Approved Canadian UsersAccount limits and disclosures follow local terms
Competition
Registered PlatformsTrust and compliance become part of the sales proposition
Additional Company Data
Registration supports the approved spot crypto business
Coinbase Canada is also registered with FINTRAC as a money services business
Restricted dealer status is not approval for every Coinbase Global product
The next regulatory objective is investment dealer registration and CIRO membership
Why This Milestone Matters
The registration kept Coinbase in Canada as several global exchanges left. It provided a compliant operating base, although the restricted category still limits how far the product range can expand.
Milestone 5
Coinbase Builds The Everything Exchange (Aug 2025 to Jun 2026)
Coinbase added Deribit, equities, prediction markets and more derivatives as it developed the Everything Exchange strategy. The goal is to let customers trade more assets and use more financial services where they already hold crypto and cash.
Company
Coinbase GlobalA multi product financial platform
Stage
Platform ExpansionBeyond spot crypto trading
Capital
US$10.4BCash, equivalents and marketable investments at Mar 31, 2026
Markets
Crypto And Traditional AssetsProducts vary by jurisdiction
Customers
8.2M MTUsGlobal monthly transacting users in Q1 2026
Competition
Financial Super AppsBrokerages, exchanges and consumer finance platforms
Additional Company Data
Deribit adds global crypto options liquidity and institutional activity
Retail derivatives passed US$200M in annualized revenue in Q1 2026
Prediction markets reached US$100M in annualized revenue in March 2026
Tokenized stocks were announced for non US customers without confirmed Canadian timing
Why This Milestone Matters
Coinbase is reducing its dependence on spot trading by selling more products through the same account. The global infrastructure gives the Canadian business options, but each product still needs a local route to market.
Milestone 6
Coinbase Canada Starts Its Next Product Stage (Jun to Jul 2026)
By July 2026, Eric Richmond was leading Coinbase Canada. In interviews that month, he set out the next operating priorities. Coinbase planned to launch derivatives for permitted clients, pursue CIRO membership and work toward a Canadian version of the Everything Exchange.
Company
Coinbase CanadaA local business using global product infrastructure
Stage
Market ExpansionFrom spot crypto toward more asset classes
Permitted Clients FirstThe initial derivatives release is not general retail access
Competition
Platform ContestWealthsimple and Robinhood already span several financial categories
Additional Company Data
Confirm the derivatives launch date, contracts, pricing and legal entity
Track permitted client adoption and any later retail availability
Watch the CIRO application and conditions attached to membership
Separate confirmed Canadian products from the global Everything Exchange catalogue
Why This Milestone Matters
Coinbase has named the Canadian destination and the first product expected to get it there. The next test is execution. Readers can watch for live products, approved registrations, customer use and Canadian results that show whether the strategy is gaining ground.
Related NCFA Intelligence
Four useful ways to place Coinbase Canada’s plan inside the market it’s entering.
A competing model for distributing tokenized equities through exchanges, wallets and established market infrastructure.
Frequently Asked Questions About Coinbase Canada
Is Coinbase regulated in Canada?
Yes. Coinbase Canada, Inc. is registered as a restricted dealer across Canada and as a money services business with FINTRAC. Restricted dealer registration is not the same as CIRO dealer membership, which the Canadian chief executive says the company is targeting for early 2027.
Is Coinbase launching crypto derivatives in Canada?
Coinbase Canada chief executive Eric Richmond said in July 2026 that Coinbase Financial Markets expected to offer derivatives to Canadian permitted clients within weeks. The product had not yet launched when this profile was verified on July 27.
Who will be able to use the Canadian derivatives product?
The first release is intended for permitted clients, a Canadian regulatory category that includes institutions and certain financially sophisticated clients. Coinbase has not announced general retail availability.
Can Canadians trade stocks and ETFs on Coinbase?
Coinbase has described stocks and ETFs as part of its Canadian Everything Exchange ambition, but it has not announced a complete Canadian launch date. A global Coinbase announcement for non US tokenized stocks should not be treated as confirmation that the product is approved or available in Canada.
Will Coinbase offer prediction markets in Canada?
Prediction markets are part of the stated Canadian platform plan, but Coinbase has not announced a Canadian launch date or the legal and regulatory structure it would use. Availability would depend on the contracts offered and Canadian approvals.
What does Coinbase currently offer Canadians?
The current Canadian platform offers spot crypto trading, Advanced trading tools, Interac e Transfer and electronic funds transfer funding, PayPal purchases and eligible USDC rewards. Product availability and reward rates can change.
How many Canadian customers does Coinbase have?
Coinbase does not publish a current Canadian customer count. Its public filings report global users, trading volume, assets and revenue, but those figures should not be presented as Coinbase Canada results.
How does Coinbase make money?
Coinbase Global earns transaction revenue from trading and subscription and services revenue from products including stablecoins, custody, staking, financing and memberships. It does not disclose the revenue or product mix of Coinbase Canada separately.
Who competes with Coinbase in Canada?
Its direct crypto competitors include Robinhood through Bitbuy and Coinsquare, Kraken, Shakepay, NDAX and other registered platforms. Its wider platform ambition also places it against Wealthsimple, established brokerages and financial institutions that already offer Canadian investment accounts.
Is Coinbase Canada part of Coinbase Global?
Yes. Coinbase Canada, Inc. is the Canadian operating entity within Coinbase Global. Coinbase Global is the Nasdaq listed parent. Parent company financial results and global user figures are not the same as Canadian results.
Coinbase Global figures are identified separately from Coinbase Canada information. Planned products, launch timing and regulatory targets may change. This content is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute investment, financial or legal advice.
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Ask most fintech watchers what crowdfunding funds and you'll hear about startups, real estate, or the odd gadget. Rarely do card games come up first — yet tabletop projects have quietly become one of the strongest categories on reward-based platforms, and the numbers back that up. For anyone tracking alternative finance in Canada, it's a category worth a second look.
Why Games Became a Crowdfunding Magnet
Reward-based crowdfunding was built for exactly this kind of project: a creator with a finished prototype, a passionate niche audience, and a product people can pre-order rather than just invest in blindly. Card and board games fit that mould almost perfectly. Backers aren't betting on a business plan — they're paying upfront for a physical thing they'll actually get to play.
The 2024 Numbers Tell the Story
Kickstarter's own 2024 year-in-review called it the biggest year for games in the platform's fifteen-year history, with $270 million pledged across games projects and 83% of that money going specifically to tabletop titles. That's not a niche curiosity anymore — it's a real slice of the alternative finance economy, funded entirely by individual backers rather than venture capital.
Canadians Are Part of the Trend
Canadian creators have been active participants in this shift for years, not just recent arrivals. Research on nearly 10,000 Canadian Kickstarter campaigns found that roughly a third succeeded — a reminder that reward-based crowdfunding, while accessible, still rewards a clear pitch and a product people genuinely want.
What This Means for Backers and Creators
For creators, the appeal is obvious: no equity given up, direct validation from a real audience, and often enough working capital to cover a full print run. For backers, it's a chance to shape what gets made and get a game months before retail — assuming the campaign delivers, which isn't guaranteed.
Picking Projects Worth Backing
Not every campaign is worth a pledge. Look for creators with a track record, a playable prototype (not just concept art), and a realistic production timeline. Comment sections and creator updates on past projects are usually more honest than the campaign page itself.
Where to Play Once the Cards Arrive
Whether or not you're backing the next big campaign, there's no shortage of ways to enjoy the category right now. Sites built around fun card games are a good starting point if you want to try something new without waiting for a shipping date.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is crowdfunding a reliable way to fund a game?
It can be, but it favours creators who already have a working prototype and an existing audience. All-or-nothing platforms like Kickstarter mean the project only gets funded — and the creator only gets paid — if the goal is hit.
Why are tabletop and card games so popular on Kickstarter specifically?
They combine a tangible reward, a built-in enthusiast community, and relatively low production complexity compared to, say, hardware or video games, which makes them easier to pitch and deliver.
Do backers get any ownership in the game they fund?
No. Reward-based crowdfunding gives backers the product itself, not equity or royalties — that distinguishes it from equity crowdfunding, which is regulated differently in Canada.
What's the biggest risk of backing a card game campaign?
Delayed or cancelled delivery. Even well-intentioned creators can underestimate manufacturing and shipping timelines, so backing is closer to a pre-order with extra risk than a guaranteed purchase.
How can Canadian creators improve their odds of a successful campaign?
Building an audience before launch, running a modest and achievable funding goal, and having a genuinely playtested prototype all correlate strongly with success, based on patterns across thousands of past Canadian campaigns.
The Bottom Line
Card games aren't a footnote in the crowdfunding world — they're one of its steadiest performers, and Canadian creators have a real track record within that space. For anyone watching where alternative finance is headed next, it's a category that keeps proving there's an audience willing to fund what they genuinely want to play.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
Three exchange closures announced or underway inside one month deserve more than a roundup. They raise a harder question around the 2026 bear market. Is it breaking the centralized exchange model, or exposing platforms that had already lost the trading activity, regulatory access or financial capacity needed to keep going?
The public record doesn't support one cause for all three.
AscendEX tied its closure to the European Union's Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation, along with financial and operating pressures
BitMart cited its operating conditions, the market environment and future strategy without naming a specific financial or regulatory event
BitMEX said its board acted after a strategic review and separately stated that assets exceeded liabilities. Their timing is shared, but their disclosed circumstances aren't
Lower Volume Hits Unevenly
The bear market is real, and it strikes at the first line of exchange economics. Trading fees rise and fall with activity. CoinGecko found that spot volume across the ten largest centralized exchanges fell 39.1% in the first quarter of 2026. Its second quarter report recorded a further 27.9% decline to US$1.95 trillion. Perpetual futures held up better, although volume still fell 10% from the prior quarter.
The numbers explain the pressure. They don't explain which exchange closes. The declines among leading spot venues ranged from 5% to 56% in the second quarter, while Binance increased its share to 38.7%. A weak market can therefore strengthen the largest venue at the same time it makes a smaller one uneconomic.
BitMEX is the clearest example. It created the perpetual swap product that became central to crypto trading, yet product invention didn't preserve its liquidity. Kaiko data reported by Reuters put BitMEX below 0.01% market share with roughly US$400,000 in daily volume when the closure was announced. Meanwhile, the ten largest centralized perpetual exchanges still processed US$12.7 trillion in the second quarter. The market BitMEX helped create remained huge, while its position inside it had collapsed.
Liquidity has its own impact. Traders prefer deeper order books, tighter spreads and reliable execution. Market makers follow trading activity, then their capital improves execution and attracts more traders. Once that cycle runs in reverse, adding another token, staking programme or interface may not repair the core business.
Licensing And Onchain Trading Tighten The Squeeze
Regulation is decisive when it controls market access. Under the MiCA transition rule, a crypto asset service provider that wasn't authorized by the applicable deadline had to stop serving the market until it received authorization. That deadline arrived on July 1, the same day AscendEX ceased operations.
Authorization also carries an operating load. MiCA requires prudential safeguards, governance, internal controls, business continuity planning and security documentation. ESMA's current custody review reaches into key storage, transaction controls, incident response and service provider dependencies. The cost continues after authorization because firms need people, systems and capital while trading revenue can fall quickly.
Regulation is therefore a filter and one part of the explanation. It directly affected AscendEX. Neither BitMEX nor BitMart identified licensing as the cause of its closure. Tighter rules can force a decision or raise the cost of staying open, while weak economics determine how much room a platform has to absorb that cost. NCFA's comparison of MiCA and UK rules shows why regulation can favour companies with stronger governance and compliance infrastructure.
Onchain exchanges are also taking a larger piece of derivatives trading. CoinGecko's perpetuals data shows that the top decentralized venues averaged US$611.6 billion in monthly volume during the first four months of 2026, up from US$531.7 billion in 2025. Their share of open interest reached 13.5% by the end of April, compared with 3.6% at the start of 2025.
Still, centralized exchanges held 86.5% of open interest. Onchain competition is meaningful, especially for active derivatives traders, but it hasn't replaced the centralized model. It has given traders another place to go just as a falling market makes every lost account more expensive.
What Founders, Investors And Canadian Platforms Should Watch
The closing notices reveal almost as much through their differences as their similarities.
AscendEX paused automated withdrawals and said it couldn't assure customers when requests would be completed or how much would be returned
BitMart set a phased timetable and kept withdrawals open, but its notice didn't disclose revenue, reserves, liabilities or the specific condition that made closure necessary
BitMEX said assets exceeded liabilities and kept withdrawals available, while warning that thin contracts could be settled early
Customers need clear answers about whether their assets are held separately, whether reserves cover liabilities, how open positions will be priced, how quickly withdrawals will be processed and which legal entity is responsible for returning their money.
For founders, exchange businesses needs deep liquidity, active traders who keep coming back, trusted custody and permission to operate in every market it serves. New products and jurisdictions can bring in more revenue, but they also add capital, compliance, security and support costs. Those costs don't disappear when trading activity goes somewhere else.
Investors should watch market share, order book depth, active trader retention, withdrawal performance, reserve and liability reporting, market maker concentration and the status of key licences. Historical user totals can hide a much weaker current business. BitMEX's decline from an industry pioneer to less than 0.01% market share shows just how far activity can fall before an established name finally exits.
Canada uses a different regulatory framework, but the same operating questions apply. Canadian platform rules cover registration, custody and delivery requirements, while Kraken's registration shows the conditions attached to serving Canadian customers. Registration can strengthen oversight and make the rules clearer. It can't remove market, custody or company risk.
So the answer goes beyond “bear market plus regulatory pressure.” Lower prices and weaker trading cut fee revenue. Licensing determines where an exchange can legally operate. Liquidity keeps concentrating around fewer large venues, while onchain platforms compete for active traders. Custody, compliance and security remain expensive throughout. If an exchange loses trading activity, market access or customer confidence, it can run out of room even when the global crypto market remains very large.
Talking Point
When trading volume falls, which exchange numbers tell you whether a platform is temporarily quieter or losing the liquidity, trust and regulatory access it needs to remain viable?
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. 
