A responsive regulatory environment is needed to allow technology-driven financial services firms to thrive
Speech: Vice Chair Lael Brainard at Bank of England Conference, London, United Kingdom
Karsten Wenzlaff, Advisor
August 26th, 2025
Karsten Wenzlaff is a Crowdfunding and Fintech Expert from Germany. He is Secretary-General of Digit[...]
Category Archives: Fintech Opinions
Overview of Some Popular Layer 1 Blockchains
Crypto Pragmatist | Jack Niewold | Jul 20, 2022
Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Avalanche–these are some of the best known ‘Layer One’ blockchains that exist in the crypto space. But what makes these Layer One protocols (L1s) different from each other?
Bitcoin - Most Resilient Blockchain
Bitcoin is an apocalypse-proof blockchain. It’s designed to be a project that just works perfectly as intended: a censor-proof, permissionless ledger, nothing more. What are the features that keep it anti-fragile in a world that tends to over complicate things?
- No smart contracts
- Proof-of-work consensus algorithm
- Nearly no developer activity
- No hard forks
Bitcoin’s beauty is, in large part, due to its antifragility. Those who desire for Bitcoin to become greater or different largely seem to miss the point.
Ethereum: The Best-Executing Blockchain (for now)
A healthy view on Ethereum is “the blockchain that’s managed to execute most successfully, so far.” While some see it as the ‘most decentralized’ blockchain, which is probably fair, it hasn’t always been that way thanks to events like the DAO hack. Now, Ethereum maxis would make fun of a similar event on another chain.
See: Jack Dorsey’s is Building an Extra Decentralized ‘Web5’ on Bitcoin with Digital Identity Layer
Despite a lot of Ethereum users recently becoming outspoken Ethereum ‘maximalists,’ Ethereum has really historically been a moderate blockchain. They’ve never been slow to ship, as the first smart contract platform to come on line, but they’ve simultaneously never damaged their blockchain beyond repair.
More proof of their expert in managing execution is:
- Their pending transition from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake
- A strong scaling plan
- Ability to progressively decentralize over time.
- Their focus on bridge security before it was widely seen as a problem
Solana: The Blockchain that Questions Assumptions
Solana is an interesting blockchain to me because they’ve thrown some of Ethereum’s pragmatic assumptions out the window. They’re the only chain to use the ‘proof-of-history’ consensus mechanism, and their security approach comes down to ‘we just need one copy of the ledger to survive.’ Their scaling goals are much more related to user and developer adoption than to scaling the blockchain itself.
Read: Osom partners with Solana to launch OV1, a blockchain-focused smartphone
I think this mental model is exemplified with Solana’s recent announcement around their Web3 native phone. This phone has a trustless hardware component that allows users to isolate their wallet private key from the operating system, which Solana sees as a vulnerable attack vector. The fact that Ethereum is worried about bridge security while Solana works on user-level security is a clear example of how these blockchains differ in outright assumptions.
Cosmos: An Out-of-the-Box Blockchain
Cosmos is a project that makes it incredibly easy to set up a new blockchain. They create an open-source set of rules to operate these networks, but ultimately leave the governance of the blockchain up to its creators, leaving validation, voting, and architecture questions up in the air.
Another way to think about the Cosmos ecosystem is as a parallel ‘states rights’ blockchain to Polkadot’s ‘federalist’ architecture–Cosmos gives you the framework to start your own blockchain (Terra Luna, Osmosis, Juno, and Evmos all being examples of this), then lets the chains communicate with each other, while staying out of the way.
See: Crypto Bridges are Integral to Blockchain Adoption but Vulnerable to Attack
This has some drawbacks, but it’s been an incredibly popular platform as it gives well-funded teams a way to simply and quickly roll out their own L1 networks. Lately it’s been touted as a solution for ‘app-chains,’ or applications that can be benefitted by having their own chains: dYdX will be launching shortly on Cosmos.
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The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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CSA Announces New Investor Advisory Panel Members (with lots of lawyers but no investors)
CSA | Jul 14, 2022
Montréal – The Canadian Securities Administrators (CSA) is pleased to announce the establishment of the CSA Investor Advisory Panel (CSA IAP), and the appointment of its first members. As announced in 2021, the CSA IAP will provide meaningful insight into retail investors’ interests and support the CSA’s policy development, strengthening Canada’s capital markets while enhancing investor protection. It will also promote coordination and enhancement of pan-Canadian investor-related issues. Panel members are appointed for staggered terms of either two or three years beginning on September 1, 2022, and their term is open for one renewal.
See: CSA releases 2022-2025 Business Plan focused on investor protection
Members of the CSA IAP are:
- Guy Lemoine – Chair, former President of the Quebec Financial Markets Administrative Tribunal (2003-2008) as well as former Vice-President and Commissioner of the Commission des valeurs mobilières du Québec (CVMQ) (1990-2003). Mr. Lemoine is a private practice lawyer who has served on the boards of several organizations, including FAIR Canada, of which he was co-president between 2019 and 2021.
- Cristie Ford, a Professor of Law at the Peter A. Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia, with a research focus on financial and securities regulation, administrative law, regulatory design, access to justice, and the relationship between innovation and regulation.
- Eric Spink, a private practice lawyer with experience in a variety of roles, including law reformer, government official, securities regulator, and adjudicator. He served as a member of the Consumer and Investor Advisory Council of OBSI between 2013 and 2018.
- Ryan Clements, an Assistant Professor, Chair of Business Law and Regulation at the University of Calgary, Faculty of Law. His research focuses on securities law, crypto assets, fintech, and investment funds. He previously served as a Senior Policy Advisor with the Alberta Securities Commission (ASC), and on IIROC’s crypto-asset working group. He currently serves on the ASC New Economy Advisory Committee.
- Susan Milburn, a long-serving Saskatchewan financial advisor at Raymond James Ltd., and currently a member of IIROC’s Proficiency Committee, a national advisory committee reviewing and recommending proficiency requirements for industry participants.
See: SEC commissioner: Investors have the right to make their own decisions without regulators standing in the way
- Millie Acuna, the Manager, Asset Building Programs at SEED (Supporting Employment & Economic Development) in Winnipeg and a member of the FCAC Consumer Protection Advisory Committee.
- Line Deslandes, an executive with 20 years of experience in the Financial Services and Capital Markets Industry. She held several high-ranking positions in the securities law sector in Quebec, United States, and England, including for State Street Global Advisors. She also consulted for the African Development Bank and the World Bank, and served on the board of FAIR Canada from 2019 to 2021.
- Annick Kwetcheu Gamo, a specialist in financial education, financial coach and the founder of the Quebec non-profit organization Code F., Santé financière pour tous! (Financial Health for all!) as well as the founderof Code F. Technologies financières inc., a social Fintech developing an AI-based solutions to improve citizens’ financial health.
- Jason Alcorn, an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law of Université de Moncton. He previously served as Senior Legal Counsel and Special Advisor at the Financial and Consumer Services Commission of New Brunswick (FCNB).
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The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Regulators Stand in the Way of What Canadians Want: More Competition in Banking
Financial Post OpEd | | Jul 13, 2022
A responsive regulatory environment is needed to allow technology-driven financial services firms to thrive
The crypto crash and fintech’s reality check through reduced valuations are obscuring a powerful reminder that while everyday people are hungry for competition in broader banking services, the corresponding legislative infrastructure just isn’t there to actually facilitate it. Sustained consumer demand for alternatives to traditional banking products and services alone is insufficient for these firms to thrive. We need modern regulatory environments that better facilitate true competition through authentic innovation.
See: Betakit podcast with Senator Deacon on Open Banking and Competition
Without a responsive regulatory environment that allows technology-driven financial services firms to legitimately thrive, they will remain reliant on significant subsidization by venture capital firms that makes them vulnerable to market shifts like the one we are currently living through. Our leaders have held up our uncompetitive system as a strength since 2008. It seems as if our legislatures are significantly undervaluing these companies, too; delaying promising initiatives such as open banking, locking smaller firms out of payment infrastructure, and being slow to respond to the realities of cryptocurrencies and stablecoins federally.
Is it because decision-makers undervalue challengers, or do they overvalue the presumed stability of an oligopoly?
Some have relished the implosion of cryptocurrency markets and concurrent plummeting of fintech valuations with schadenfreude. But those that smirk at the implosion of non-bank-owned financial services and products also seem to ignore that Canada’s banking system is similarly subsidized — not by venture capital, but by legislation that insulates, and sometimes shields, the institutions from vigorous competition.
See: Ipsos Survey: Most Canadians Say (88%) We Need More Competition
Cryptocurrency initiatives and various financial technology firms created excitement and energy for freedom from Canada’s oligopolistic banks whose stability is unfairly subsidized by a protectionist policy regime.
This vibrant consumer thirst for alternatives to the Big Six banks in order to manage their money is now likely to be obscured by hyperinflation and the looming threat of a recession —to the benefit of banks, not people.
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The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Policy Blind Spot: The Interdependencies of Big Tech and Their Foothold in Financial Services
BIS | Juan Carlos Crisanto, Johannes Ehrentraud, Marcos Fabian and Amélie Monteil | Jul 5, 2022
The purpose of this paper is to assess the interdependencies inherent in big tech’s business models and offer some policy considerations for financial authorities. The assessment of interdependencies is based on the business models of six big techs: Alibaba, Amazon, Grab, Jumia, Mercado Libre and Rakuten (Table 1).
Overview of Insights
1. Digital services provided by large digital platform companies have become ubiquitous across the globe
These companies, big techs, now serve a myriad of customers who regularly order products online, send messages via apps on mobile phones or check their email or social media accounts. By expanding their services, big techs have grown large, and several of them now have market capitalisations that exceed those of the largest financial institutions.
2. Big techs have already gained a substantial footprint in parts of financial services
In some segments and regions, they have emerged as key players over the past decade. Big techs offer a particularly broad range of financial services in emerging market and developing economies. In some of these markets, they have come to reach dominant positions in payments, credit and other services.
See: Fintech Week London Launches Independent Review to Address the Fintech Industry’s Sustainability
Big techs dominate, for example, the mobile payments markets in China and India (Feyen et al (2021)). During the pandemic, big techs saw strong growth, including in financial services such as payments and credit, which appears to have helped them to fortify their market positions even further (FSB (2022)). Going forward, big techs may also decide one day to leverage their immense user base for offering stablecoins.
3. Strong external interconnections are an integral part of big techs’ business model
Big techs not only engage in partnerships with financial institutions to offer financial services but also provide them with technology services such as cloud computing and data analytics. These services have become critical to the operation of incumbent financial institutions, creating a situation of dependency with big techs. Some big techs are also customers and not providers of cloud computing services, creating a network of third-party interdependencies. Taken together, this supply and demand for technology services by big techs creates external interdependencies among big techs and with financial institutions.
4. Internal and external interdependencies come with specific risks, in particular to operational resilience
A failure in one part of the big tech group could render others unable to function; or disrupt the flow of data between big tech entities. Similarly, operational incidents at third-party service providers, including other big techs, could result in outages or data breaches, with potential knock-on effects on the platform ecosystem and its users.
See: When Big techs and fintechs own banks
5. These risks are hard to assess due to the dearth of information on internal and external dependencies
Big techs that are publicly traded companies are typically required to disclose information about their financial performance (eg the Securities and Exchange Commission’s annual public 10-K reports). They may not be required, however, to disclose comprehensive information on their diverse business activities, leaving investors, competitors and regulators less aware of how exactly they create and extract value from their ecosystems. Without this information, it is especially challenging to understand the corporate structures underpinning the collaboration between big techs and financial institutions, particularly outside their primary domicile (FSB (2022)).
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The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Federal Reserve: Crypto and DeFi Insights from Recent Turbulence Through a Financial Stability Lens
Federal Reserve | Jul 8, 2022
Speech: Vice Chair Lael Brainard at Bank of England Conference, London, United Kingdom
Recent volatility has exposed serious vulnerabilities in the crypto financial system. While touted as a fundamental break from traditional finance, the crypto financial system turns out to be susceptible to the same risks that are all too familiar from traditional finance, such as leverage, settlement, opacity, and maturity and liquidity transformation. As we work to future-proof our financial stability agenda, it is important to ensure the regulatory perimeter encompasses crypto finance.
Distinguishing Responsible Innovation from Regulatory Evasion
- New technology often holds the promise of increasing competition in the financial system, reducing transaction costs and settlement times, and channeling investment to productive new uses. But early on, new products and platforms are often fraught with risks, including fraud and manipulation, and it is important and sometimes difficult to distinguish between hype and value.
- If past innovation cycles are any guide, in order for distributed ledgers, smart contracts, programmability, and digital assets to fulfill their potential to bring competition, efficiency, and speed, it will be essential to address the basic risks that beset all forms of finance.
See: The FCA Hosted CryptoSprints in May and June 2022: Here are The Outputs
- These risks include runs, fire sales, deleveraging, interconnectedness, and contagion, along with fraud, manipulation, and evasion. In addition, it is important to be on the lookout for the possibility of new forms of risks, since many of the technological innovations underpinning the crypto ecosystem are relatively novel.
Insights from Recent Turbulence
- Contrary to claims that crypto-assets are a hedge to inflation or an uncorrelated asset class, crypto-assets have plummeted in value and have proven to be highly correlated with riskier equities and with risk appetite more generally.
- Second, the Terra crash reminds us how quickly an asset that purports to maintain a stable value relative to fiat currency can become subject to a run. New technology and financial engineering cannot by themselves convert risky assets into safe ones.
- Third, crypto platforms are highly vulnerable to deleveraging, fire sales, and contagion—risks that are well known from traditional finance as illustrated by the freeze on withdrawals at some crypto lending platforms and exchanges and the bankruptcy of a prominent crypto hedge fund. Some retail investors have found their accounts frozen and suffered large losses.
- Large crypto players that used leverage to boost returns are scrambling to monetize their holdings, missing margin calls, and facing possible insolvency. The crypto ecosystem is tightly interconnected, as many smaller traders, lenders, and DeFi (decentralized finance) protocols have concentrated exposures to these big players.
See: Important Nuances in the Lummis‐Gillibrand Crypto Bill: Not Securities?
- Finally, we have seen how decentralized lending, which relies on overcollateralization to substitute for intermediation, can serve as a stress amplifier by creating waves of liquidations as prices fall.
Private Digital Currencies and Central Bank Digital Currencies
- Stablecoins represent a second area with a heightened risk of spillovers. Currently, stablecoins are positioned as the digital native asset that bridges from the crypto financial system to fiat.
- Well-regulated stablecoins might bring additional competition to payments, but they introduce other risks. There is a risk of fragmentation of stablecoin networks into walled gardens. Conversely, there is a risk that a single dominant stablecoin might emerge, given the winner-takes-all dynamics in such activities.
Building in Risk Management and Compliance
- While innovation and competition can reduce costs in finance, some costs are necessary to keep the system safe. Someone must bear the costs of evaluating risk, maintaining resources to support those risks through good times and bad, complying with laws that prevent crime and terrorism, and serving less sophisticated customers fairly and without exploitation.
Read: Opinion: Rising cost of compliance may lead to consolidation
- In the current crypto ecosystem, often no one is bearing these costs. So when a service appears cheaper or more efficient, it is important to understand whether this benefit is due to genuine innovation or regulatory noncompliance.
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The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Preparing For a Mortgage? These Tips Will Help You Get the Right Deal
Jul 7, 2022
Image source: Pexels
When it comes to taking out a mortgage, preparation is key. By taking the time to understand the process and get your finances in order, you can ensure that you get the best possible deal on your mortgage. It's also important to shop around and compare rates from different lenders before making a decision. Here are some tips to help you prepare for a mortgage.
1. Get your finances in order
Before you even start looking for a mortgage, it's important to get your finances in order. This means getting a clear picture of your income, debts, and expenses. You'll need to provide this information to any potential lenders, so it's important to have it all organized in advance. By having everything in order before mortgage lending you'll make the process much easier on yourself. Additionally, it's always a good idea to check your credit report in advance so you're aware of any potential red flags that could make securing a loan more difficult. If you find any inaccuracies in your report, be sure to dispute them with the credit bureau.
2. Shop around for rates
Don't just go with the first mortgage rate you're offered. Instead, take the time to shop around and compare rates from different lenders. This way, you can be sure you're getting the best possible deal on your loan. Keep in mind that interest rates can change frequently, so it's important to keep track of the market and lock in a rate when it's favorable. Additionally, don't be afraid to negotiate with lenders on rates and fees. It's always worth asking if there's room for improvement. This is especially true if you have good credit.
3. Know what you can afford
When considering a mortgage, it's important to know how much you can realistically afford to borrow. This includes not only the monthly payments but also any additional costs such as property taxes and insurance. It's also a good idea to have some padding in your budget in case of unexpected expenses or changes in income. By being realistic about what you can afford, you can avoid getting in over your head financially. Additionally, it's important to remember that your mortgage payment should be no more than 28% of your gross monthly income. It's also a good idea to have a down payment saved up of at least 20% of the total cost of the home.
4. Consider a shorter loan term
If you're looking to save money on your mortgage, one option is to consider a shorter loan term. While this will mean higher monthly payments, you'll pay less in interest over the life of the loan. Additionally, a shorter loan term can help you build equity in your home more quickly. If you're considering a shorter loan term, be sure to calculate the monthly payments carefully to ensure that you can still afford them. This is especially important if your income is variable or if you're likely to have financial changes in the near future.
5. Don't forget about closing costs
When taking out a mortgage, it's important to factor in closing costs. These are fees charged by the lender at the close of the loan and can add up to several thousand dollars. Be sure to ask potential lenders about closing costs so that you can budget for them in advance. Additionally, some lenders may be willing to cover or reduce certain closing costs if you're a good customer. It's always worth asking. This is just one more way to save money on your mortgage.
See: The Growing Relevance Of Bitcoin In Real Estate
6. Get pre-approved
If you're serious about buying a home, it's a good idea to get pre-approved for a mortgage. This means that a lender has looked at your financial information and decided how much they're willing to lend you. Getting pre-approved can give you an edge when negotiating with sellers as it shows that you're a serious buyer. Additionally, it can help you avoid getting into a bidding war for a home you can't afford. To get pre-approved, be sure to provide potential lenders with accurate information about your income, debts, and assets.
Image source: Unsplash
By following these tips, you can be sure you're getting the best possible deal on your mortgage. Additionally, it's important to remember that the process can take some time, so be patient and don't be afraid to shop around. With a little preparation, you can be sure to find the loan that's right for you. This is important information to know if you're thinking about buying a home in the near future.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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The FCA Hosted CryptoSprints in May and June 2022: Here are The Outputs
FCA | Jun 29, 2022
We hosted our first policy-focused CryptoSprint events in May and June 2022. The objective of the events was to seek industry views around the current market and the design of an appropriate regulatory regime.
The crypto market is developing at pace. Currently the FCA’s role is focused on registering firms for anti-money laundering purposes, whilst the majority of cryptoassets and associated busineses remain unregulated. What the FCA’s approach has shown is that regulation can support developing ideas. As a result, the FCA held a series of CryptoSprints to consider what regulation of crypto could or should look like in the future. We heard a rich and diverse set of views from the 184 participants.
See: FCA extends deadline for crypto firms to register (with temporary regime closing)
Key Themes
- Principles-based approach would help accommodate the pace of technology and market evolution.
- Technology neutrality was essential to avoid policymakers ‘picking winners’ in developing markets.
- Gaving a clear digital taxonomy (ideally internationally) would help in developing a regime for cryptoassets.
- Existing rules and tools should be used where possible (vs bespoke new standards)
- Proportionate approach to regulating cryptoassets, balancing encouraging innovation with protecting consumers and markets.
- Some participants also suggested that a self-regulatory organisation (SRO) could be used to provide greater clarity for firms, perhaps before formal regulation took effect.
- Participants also suggested that regulators should prioritise key risks when developing any potential standards, and that regulation could be phased over time, with new rules implemented gradually to allow firms and consumers to adjust.
See: UK Proposes Regulations That Would Recognize Stablecoins As A Form Of Payment
Problem Statements
- Issuance and Disclosure
- Regulatory Hooks
- Custody
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The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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