Category Archives: Marketing, Strategy, Growth, Design

Breaking Down Canada’s Gambling Ecosystem: Who Provides What

Oct 21, 2026

Infographic of Canada’s online gambling ecosystem showing seven technology providers: Playtech, Kambi, Evolution, Paysafe, Sportradar, GeoComply and GLI.

An online betting platform presents itself as one business. Customers register with a brand, deposit money into an account and choose a game or sporting event. Behind that experience, however, several specialist companies may be supplying the technology.

One provider can support the account system, another the sportsbook and another the live casino studio. Payments, location checks, sports data and independent testing introduce further businesses into the relationship.

For fintech companies and investors, understanding those connections makes Canada’s gambling sector easier to assess. Gambling Nerd’s breakdown follows seven providers with documented Canadian activity, explaining what each contributes. These are selected examples, rather than a ranking by market share or a suggestion that every operator uses the same suppliers.

Playtech: The Technology Behind the Platform

The operator’s website is the shopfront. The underlying platform helps organise the account and gaming services behind it.

Playtech illustrates this part of the ecosystem. Its original partnership announcement with NorthStar Gaming covered its IMS platform alongside casino, live casino, poker and bingo technology. NorthStar’s current corporate website identifies Playtech and Kambi as companies powering its Ontario offering. 

A player account management system, commonly shortened to PAM, provides a central record of the customer’s account and activity. It connects with other systems rather than replacing every service an operator needs.

That distinction helps explain why a gambling business can buy substantial technology from a supplier while retaining its own brand, customer service and commercial strategy.

For a new operator, an established platform can reduce the amount of software it must build internally. The trade-off is a continuing dependence on integrations, contractual terms and the supplier’s development priorities.

Kambi: The Sportsbook Behind the Betting Brand

A sportsbook requires more than a list of matches. Customers need markets, prices, bet acceptance and settlement, supported by systems that manage the operator’s betting exposure.

Kambi supplies sportsbook technology and services. Its relationship with NorthStar provides one Canadian example. A more recent development involves Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation.

In January 2026, Kambi announced that it had formally assumed contractual responsibility for OLG’s sportsbook services following an agreement with FDJ Gaming Solutions France and OLG. The announcement said OLG launched its Kambi-powered sportsbook on January 27, covering its retail and digital sports betting operations.

The example demonstrates an important distinction: the company whose name customers recognise is not necessarily the company supplying the underlying sportsbook.

Operators can buy different combinations of technology and managed services. A supplier relationship therefore needs to be understood at the product level, rather than reduced to “Company A powers Company B.”

Sportradar: Sports Data and Related Betting Services

Sportsbook systems depend on information about what is happening in the sporting event.

Sportradar supplies sports data and offers related services including odds, streaming and trading technology. It announced an Ontario gaming-related supplier registration in 2022, documenting its entry into the province’s regulated online wagering market.

Consider an in-play hockey market. A goal, penalty or change in game status can affect which bets are available and how they are priced. Data services help betting systems receive and process that information.

The distinction between data and sportsbook operation is useful, although suppliers’ product ranges can overlap. Buying a data feed does not necessarily mean outsourcing pricing, risk management or the complete customer-facing product.

For businesses evaluating a provider, the questions include event coverage, delivery speed, service reliability, usage rights and the handling of corrections.

Evolution: The Studio Behind the Live Dealer

A live blackjack table appearing inside an operator’s app may come from a specialist production business.

Evolution supplies live casino services, combining dealers, physical tables, cameras, streaming and interactive game technology. Its Canadian announcements include the launch of live casino services for OLG.ca, originally delivered from its Vancouver production studio, and services for multiple operators at Ontario’s private-market opening. 

The operator distributes the experience through its own customer interface. The live casino supplier provides the game environment and supporting technology.

This helps explain why customers can encounter recognisable game formats across different casino brands. Branding and distribution can differ even when the underlying supplier is the same.

Live-dealer production also has a different operating model from a digitally generated slot game. Physical tables require staffing and studio capacity, alongside the technology needed to deliver the game.

Paysafe: Connecting Operators to Payment Methods

The number displayed in a gambling account and the money moving through financial institutions are connected, but they are not the same system.

Paysafe provides payment processing and other payment products. In its Ontario market-launch announcement, the company described payment support for private operators and its longstanding processing relationship with OLG.ca. It explained how operators could access card processing and alternative payment methods through an integration with its services. 

For an operator, a payment provider can simplify access to different ways of depositing and withdrawing money. That does not make the provider responsible for every stage of the customer journey.

A withdrawal can involve an operator’s authorisation, account checks, payment instructions and subsequent processing by financial partners. Faster movement at one stage does not guarantee that the complete withdrawal will be immediate.

Commercial evaluation therefore extends beyond transaction fees. Approval rates, reconciliation, fraud controls, settlement arrangements and the handling of failed payments all affect the service.

GeoComply: Checking Where the Customer Is

Identity and location answer different questions.

Identity checks establish who the customer is. Geolocation establishes where the device appears to be when accessing a service.

GeoComply provides geolocation and fraud-prevention technology. BET99 Ontario’s help centre offers a concrete operator example, explaining that GeoComply uses signals including Wi-Fi, GPS and cell-tower information to verify that customers are within Ontario.

A registered address alone cannot establish a customer’s current physical location. Someone can live in one province and use their phone while travelling elsewhere.

For operators, geolocation is consequently part of product access and compliance, rather than simply a convenience feature. Its integration must also accommodate legitimate customers whose devices or networks make verification difficult.

The supplier provides the technology; the operator still needs processes for customer support, exceptions and applicable requirements.

GLI: Independently Testing the Technology

A supplier’s claim that a game works correctly is different from independent testing against defined requirements.

Gaming Laboratories International, or GLI, announced its recognition as an independent testing laboratory for Ontario iGaming in 2021. AGCO separately explains that it registers laboratories that test and certify gaming technology against the applicable standards.

Testing can examine relevant games and systems within a defined scope. It does not make the laboratory the regulator, nor does a certificate guarantee that every aspect of an operator’s business is compliant.

The Nerd Nook’s explanation of random number generators provides background on one technology used to produce digital casino outcomes. Testing examines implementation and applicable requirements; it does not promise a customer will win.

Physical live-dealer games should also be distinguished from RNG-generated games. Both require controls, but their outcome-generation processes differ.

Provincial Oversight Sits Above the Supplier Relationships

These commercial providers operate within a market structure that varies across Canada.

In Ontario, private operators must register with AGCO and enter an operating agreement with iGaming Ontario. AGCO regulates the market, while iGaming Ontario performs commercial conduct-and-manage responsibilities for private operators. OLG’s online offering has a separate conduct-and-manage arrangement.

A supplier’s documented Ontario activity should therefore not be presented as blanket authorisation for every Canadian province.

See:  How FINTRAC’s Anti-Money-Laundering Rules Affect Canadian Online Casino Payments

The seven companies discussed here also represent only part of the ecosystem. Operators may contract separately for identity verification, cybersecurity, hosting, customer communications, responsible gambling tools and other services.

For NCFA’s fintech audience, the business opportunity extends well beyond launching another betting brand. Payments, data, identity and compliance services can support existing operators. Assessing that opportunity requires knowing precisely what a provider supplies, where it is permitted to operate and which responsibilities remain with its customer.

About Gambling Nerd

GamblingNerd.com is an independent gambling media website publishing experience-based reviews, guides and analysis of casinos, sportsbooks and poker sites. Originally launched as gamblingsites.org in 2007 and rebranded in 2025, Gambling Nerd also publishes The Nerd Nook, covering gambling mathematics, betting systems and sports betting strategy.


NCFA Canada logoThe National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org

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Which US Stocks Can Be Tokenized and Why?

October 21, 2026 | Insight | Capital Markets Infrastructure And Funding, Digital Assets Blockchain And Tokenization, Wealthtech Investing And Trading

AI illustration of tokenized U.S. stock trading with digital market charts, blockchain finance visuals and an American market backdrop.

SEC Stock Eligibility, Issuer Objections and the Future of Tokenized Share Trading

On October 20, 2026, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission published guidance on tokenized stock trading, clarifying how certain U.S. public shares can trade on blockchain platforms without a company's affirmative approval. The guidance follows the SEC's September 17 Innovation Exemption, which allows limited trading of eligible public stocks through new digital venues. Sixteen companies, including Microsoft, Alphabet and Goldman Sachs, have reportedly objected to having their shares traded on the proposed OKXICE platform.

The exemption doesn't cover every public stock, and companies can block certain trading arrangements. Venues also face limits on which securities they can offer and how much trading they can handle. For investors and market operators, the questions are which stocks qualify, what ownership rights come with the tokens and whether these new platforms can compete with traditional exchanges. The October 20 guidance further explains how the existing exemption works without introducing new regulations.

Which US Stocks Qualify for Tokenized Trading

The SEC allows qualifying venues to trade tokenized National Market System stocks, which generally include eligible shares listed on major U.S. exchanges and certain exchange traded products. The exemption covers qualifying securities tokenized by their issuers and arrangements involving independent third parties. It excludes rights, warrants and tokens that merely track a stock's price without providing the same ownership rights as the underlying security.

The SEC separates eligible stocks into two groups. Tier 1 includes shares in the S&P 500 and Russell 1000, along with certain qualifying exchange traded products. Major companies such as Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet and Nvidia fall within those indexes, although that doesn't automatically make their shares available on a tokenized venue. Tier 2 includes other eligible listed securities outside Tier 1, giving smaller public companies a potential route into these markets.

See: Ondo Gains Wider US Authority for Tokenized Securities

The limits are strict. A qualifying venue can offer up to 75 Tier 1 symbols, with trading in each capped at 0.25% of the stock's average daily share volume during the previous month. Tier 2 allows up to 250 symbols, with a 2.5% volume cap. Related venues must combine their trading activity when calculating these limits.

Consider a Tier 1 stock averaging 10 million shares traded daily. A qualifying venue and its affiliates could trade up to 25,000 tokenized shares per day. A Tier 2 stock with the same volume would have a limit of 250,000 shares. A first breach of a stock's volume limit doesn't automatically require suspension, but subsequent breaches require a three month trading pause for that security.

Investors must receive the same rights and privileges as holders of equivalent conventional shares. That includes applicable dividends and voting rights. The arrangements supporting those rights must be verified, and venues must meet requirements for trading halts, transaction records and technology safeguards. A token offering only synthetic exposure to a share price doesn't qualify under this exemption.

Why Microsoft and Other Companies Are Objecting

OKXICE is one of the first proposed venues testing the SEC's approach. It's a joint venture owned equally by Intercontinental Exchange, parent of the New York Stock Exchange, and OKC USA Holding, part of the OKX group. Its public trading notices describe a platform where approved investors could trade tokenized U.S. stocks against stablecoins using automated liquidity pools instead of a conventional stock exchange order book.

OKXICE plans to use Uniswap v4 technology on the X Layer blockchain to let approved investors trade tokenized stocks through pools of shares and stablecoins. Investors would need to verify their identities and use approved digital wallets. OKXICE says it won't hold customer assets or sell newly issued shares. Publishing its plans doesn't mean the SEC has approved the platform or that trading has started.

OKXICE initially proposed 63 stock symbols from 62 companies. Nine companies had objected by October 15, including Broadcom, Verizon, UnitedHealth, CoreWeave and AppLovin. Reporting on October 19 identified seven more, bringing the total to 16 companies, including Microsoft, Alphabet, Goldman Sachs, Qualcomm, Caterpillar, McDonald's and Western Digital.

One of the 16 objectors, Cerebras Systems, wasn't on the original proposed list. That means 15 of the original 62 companies had objected, leaving 47 without a reported objection at that point. Silence doesn't mean approval. It only means the company hasn't exercised its right to block that particular trading arrangement.

Applied Optoelectronics explained its concerns to The Wall Street Journal. The company questioned whether tokenized trading would benefit shareholders and worried about possible effects on its share price, trading activity and volatility. It also didn't want investors to mistake an independent tokenized offering for one supported by the company.

Under the SEC exemption, companies have 30 calendar days after receiving notice to object. If they object in time, that venue can't offer their tokenized shares under the exemption. The objection doesn't automatically prevent every other form of stock tokenization.

Trading platforms face a separate 30 day requirement. They must publish their operating plans at least 30 calendar days before trading begins. The SEC's October 20 guidance confirms that venues can publish proposed stock lists while companies are still deciding whether to object. They must disclose which decisions remain pending and update their lists as objections arrive or the periods expire.

Andrew Cuomo, co-chair of OKXICE, described the issuer objections as a "natural response". He said the venture expected some companies to wait before participating. Whether that resistance eases will depend partly on how the first venues operate and what benefits they can demonstrate to investors and issuers.

Can Tokenized Stocks Compete With Traditional Exchanges

The potential appeal is clear. Investors could trade familiar U.S. shares outside regular exchange hours, hold them through approved digital wallets and use blockchain systems to complete transactions. But being able to trade at any hour doesn't guarantee liquidity or a competitive price. New venues still need enough investors and market makers to support reliable trading.

OKXICE proposes using automated market makers instead of matching every buyer and seller through a traditional order book. Liquidity providers would supply tokenized shares and stablecoins to trading pools, earning fees while taking market risk. If those pools don't attract enough capital, investors could face wider spreads or prices that differ from the conventional stock market.

Nasdaq has proposed a different model. In September 2025, Nasdaq sought SEC approval for tokenized stock trading within its existing exchange system. Investors could choose traditional or tokenized settlement, with the Depository Trust Company handling the process. The same trading rules, security identifiers and shareholder rights would apply.

Chuck Mack, Nasdaq's Senior Vice President of North American Markets, explained the company's approach.

"Past market failures teach us that it is imperative to ensure governance, resilience, and investor protection are embedded from the outset."

The two companies are taking different approaches. OKXICE plans to build a new blockchain trading platform, while Nasdaq wants to add tokenized stocks to its existing exchange system. Nasdaq's proposal follows a separate regulatory process and predates the October 2026 objections. For investors, the real focus is which approach offers better prices, reliable trading and strong shareholder protections.

Tokenized shares still need to give investors the same ownership rights as regular stocks. That means making sure dividends reach the right people, shareholders can vote and stock splits or mergers are recorded correctly. Investors who control their own digital wallets also need to protect their access keys. Losing them could mean losing access to their investments.

See: GTN Takes xStocks Beyond U.S. Equity Markets

Investor protections can also differ. OKXICE isn't registered as a traditional stock exchange for trading under this exemption, so some rules that apply to established exchanges don't apply in the same way. The SEC exemption is temporary and lasts five years. That gives regulators time to assess how these markets operate before deciding whether to introduce permanent rules.

For Canadian fintech founders, the business opportunities go beyond operating a trading platform. These markets need companies that can protect assets, maintain accurate ownership records, verify compliance and supply trading liquidity. Brokers and transfer agents may also need new technology to connect blockchain transactions with existing securities systems. Demand for those services will depend on whether investors actually use the new markets.

Canada is also looking at how tokenized securities could trade under its own rules. In March 2026, the Canadian Securities Administrators launched Project Tokenization to explore trading, custody and settlement of digital securities. The initiative has since engaged more than 240 organizations, as reviewed in NCFA's capital markets innovation analysis. Unlike the SEC, Canada hasn't introduced a comparable exemption for tokenized public stock trading. For Canadian exchanges and fintech founders, the U.S. experiment offers an early look at which business models work and where existing securities rules may need to adapt.

Talking Point

If tokenized stocks attract buyers and sellers, keep trading costs competitive and preserve shareholder rights, they could become a useful alternative. If not, investors may have little reason to move away from traditional stock markets.


NCFA Canada logoThe National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org

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Can Canada’s Green Taxonomy Rebuild Investor Trust?

October 20, 2026 | Last Updated: October 21, 2026 | NCFA Story Intelligence | Sustainable Finance And ESG, Investment And Capital Markets, Regulation And Policy

AI illustration of Canada green taxonomy, sustainable finance standards and investor trust illustrated through greenwashing, verification and green investment themes

How Sustainable Finance Promises Grew Faster Than The Proof Behind Them

On October 20, 2026, Canada’s Taxonomy and Transition Planning Council released its final sustainable investment methodology. Canada now has a common way to assess green and transition activities after years of greenwashing disputes over financial products and bank commitments. Ottawa backs and funds the initiative, while an independent council develops and approves the standards. Adoption is voluntary, and detailed sector tests are still being written.

Canadians wanted products and investments that reflected their environmental priorities. Financial institutions saw customers, assets, lending opportunities and a stronger public story. Funds, ETFs, green bonds and huge sustainable finance commitments followed. Then investors started looking more closely at the holdings, counting rules and environmental results behind those claims.

What follows is a story of growing investor demand, billions in financial promises, and the widening gap between what institutions marketed and what they could prove.

A Green Label Starts A Bigger Conversation 1990s to 2006

In the 1990s, a green label starts doing more than describing a product. It gives shoppers a reason to choose one brand over another. Some believe the claim; others look for whoever stands behind it. Soon a similar conversation reaches investors. They want to know what their money supports, and financial firms hear a new kind of customer question. Financial firms can see the demand, but they are also selling trust before the market has agreed on the proof.

Customers start asking for proof. Canadian environmental labelling programs such as Environmental Choice and EcoLogo bring product claims into everyday buying decisions during the 1990s. Buyers want to know what a label proves, not simply whether a package looks green. Later, investors bring similar expectations to savings and portfolios. 1

Financial firms see an opening. Responsible investing gains momentum when the UN backed Principles for Responsible Investment launch in 2006. Institutions from 16 countries representing more than US$2 trillion in assets sign on at the New York Stock Exchange. Investors are signalling that environmental, social and governance issues belong in investment decisions, and asset managers have a new market to serve.2

Green Bonds Turn Demand Into Real Deals 2007 to 2017

By 2014, green finance has become a deal investors can actually buy. Export Development Canada issues a US$300 million green bond in January.3 Ontario follows with a C$500 million offering that October and draws nearly C$2.4 billion in orders.4 The province has picked Toronto’s Eglinton Crosstown light rail project to receive the funding. The rush to buy tells bankers there's serious demand. Yet the sale raises a question that will follow sustainable finance for years. Once investors hand over their money, who shows them what it actually accomplished?

What Ontario’s C$500 Million Green Bond Let Investors Verify

Ontario offered C$500 million and received nearly C$2.4 billion in orders from more than 80 investor accounts. 85% of the bonds went to investors with green mandates or UN Principles for Responsible Investment affiliations. The sale proved demand. It did not prove the project’s environmental result. The Eglinton Crosstown had to be built, the proceeds tracked and the impact reported.

A green bond gives investors a trail to follow from the offering to the projects that receive the money. By 2021, sustainable finance linked bonds and loans had widened the menu of green, social and linked structures. The products may sit under the same sustainability banner, but the promises are different. A project bond points to named uses of proceeds. Linked financing puts more weight on targets the borrower promises to hit later.

Sustainability linked borrowing can fund ordinary business activity. The borrower agrees to targets that may change the cost of the financing if performance falls short. Investors have to look at the starting point, the target, when it will be measured and what the financial consequence actually is. A weak target or a token pricing change can make the label sound tougher than the economics. Falling emissions intensity also does not guarantee that total emissions fell.

Green bond investors can follow the money from the offering to the eligible projects and then to the impact report. Sustainability linked debt requires a different trail through the target, the measurement and the consequence if performance falls short. Capital raised, capital allocated and environmental results are three different numbers. The International Capital Market Association principles set the market standards behind those structures.

Canadian green bonds find buyers. EDC and Ontario give investors a named framework and intended use of proceeds before the money is committed. Named uses of proceeds give buyers more to check than a broad corporate promise. The proof still comes later. Issuers have to show where the capital went, what was completed and what the project delivered. A successful bond sale doesn't guarantee a successful environmental outcome.

Responsible investing grows beyond niche portfolios. By the end of 2017, Canada counted C$2.13 trillion in professionally managed assets using at least one responsible investment strategy. The Responsible Investment Association’s 2018 report put that at 50.6% of managed assets. The figure included screening and engagement strategies. It was not C$2.13 trillion of new green projects.

Five Banks Put Billions Behind The Promise 2021 to 2024

Now the numbers get much bigger. Canada's major banks are no longer just offering individual products. They compete to announce sustainable finance commitments worth hundreds of billions of dollars. Corporate clients see financing opportunities, and the banks gain a powerful message for investors. But five impressive headlines don't necessarily describe five comparable promises. As the figures pile up, the questions get sharper. What counts as sustainable finance, and who gets to decide?

Inside Canada’s C$1.95 Trillion Of Bank Sustainable Finance Targets

Between 2021 and 2023, Canada’s five largest banks put almost C$1.95 trillion of sustainable finance targets into the market. The total is striking, but the commitments were built differently. Each bank chose its own deadline, eligible activities and reporting method.

The combined C$1.95 trillion is not a cheque written to green projects. Some commitments include social finance, underwriting, advisory work, arranged transactions or existing credit balances. The deadlines also differ. The totals capture the scale of the banks’ ambition and the business they wanted to win, not five comparable pools of new climate capital.

RBC’s March 2024 sustainable finance framework allows authorized credit balances to be added at successive fiscal year ends. A continuing loan can therefore contribute to the cumulative total in more than one year. That doesn't make the loan improper. The C$500 billion headline is not the same as C$500 billion of unique new lending. It also says nothing by itself about the emissions a financed project later avoided.5

Investors need to know what qualifies and how much of the financing is new. They also need to know whether arranged transactions are included and whether the same exposure can appear in more than one reporting period. Borrowers need to know what evidence a bank expects before a project can count. Neither side should confuse the size of a target with measured environmental results.

The banks raise their targets. As climate commitments become part of banks’ public image, Canada’s largest banks announce targets in the hundreds of billions. Corporate lending, underwriting, advisory work and other eligible services may all contribute under a bank’s methodology. A big cumulative number becomes a prominent measure of progress.

Investors start asking what sits behind the totals. A financing commitment can qualify under a bank’s own rules without proving that the financed activity later cut emissions. As the numbers climb, that gap becomes harder to ignore. Banks are selling sustainable finance. Their critics want to know what the money financed and what changed.Institutional investors were sending mixed signals too. In 2024, How Canadian Institutional Investors Voted on Climate 2024 found support for climate shareholder proposals varied sharply across major Canadian asset managers.

Greenwashing Allegations Reach The Banks 2022 to 2024

The celebration doesn't last unchallenged. Investors and climate advocates start reading the fine print behind the banks' commitments. Securities regulators are also examining whether ESG funds are being sold in ways that match their actual strategies. The disputes aren't identical, and an allegation isn't a finding. But reputations are now on the line. Banks and fund managers that once led with ambitious green claims face a very different audience, one asking for records rather than slogans.

Fund marketing comes under review. The Canadian Securities Administrators issue ESG fund guidance in 2022 and revise it in 2024. Their reviews identify cases where promotional language reaches further than the investment documents support. The revised notice covers 112 prospectus reviews involving 57 managers, plus 39 continuous disclosure reviews involving 35 managers and 50 funds.6

Bank disclosures face formal complaints. By January 2024, Canadian banks face scrutiny over sustainability claims after Investors for Paris Compliance files securities complaints about RBC, TD, BMO, CIBC and Scotiabank. The group challenges how the banks support their sustainable finance claims. The allegations are not findings of wrongdoing. The original complaint sets out what the advocates asked regulators to examine.

RBC Walks Away From Its Biggest Number 2024 to 2025

RBC has spent years putting a C$500 billion sustainable finance ambition in front of the market. Its 2024 framework gives readers a closer look at how eligible transactions are counted. A year later, the bank retires the target. There's no ruling here that the earlier financing was greenwashing, and the bank cites uncertainty over measurement and the rules governing environmental claims. Still, a number once used to signal ambition is gone. Other institutions can't assume their own headline totals will escape the same questions.

RBC puts its counting method on paper. Its March 2024 framework says the bank uses its judgment when assessing eligible transactions. For credit, it can add authorized balances at successive fiscal year ends. The same continuing exposure may therefore contribute in more than one year. That isn't the same as reporting only unique new loans, and it says nothing by itself about the emissions a financed project later avoided.

Then the C$500 billion target disappears. In April 2025, RBC retires the commitment and cites uncertainty around measurement and Canada’s environmental claims rules. The move doesn't prove earlier transactions were misclassified. It does leave investors with a basic problem. A flagship number that once signalled leadership is gone just as scrutiny of the underlying methodology is intensifying.7

The ESG Fight Moves Into The Fund Business 2025 to 2026

The controversy reaches another part of the business. Ontario's securities regulator brings a case against Purpose Investments and its chief executive over allegedly misleading ESG statements. They deny the allegations, and the decision remains outstanding. Meanwhile, Canada's sustainable fund market keeps attracting assets even as the pace of new launches falls. Investors haven't stopped caring about sustainability. But asset growth and a convincing marketing story aren't enough to settle whether every product delivers what buyers were led to expect.

The fight moves into investment funds. In 2025, the OSC brings a case against Purpose Investments and CEO Som Seif over 19 allegedly misleading ESG communications made between 2019 and 2023. Purpose and Seif deny wrongdoing. After closing arguments in September 2026, the Tribunal reserves its decision. As of October 20, the allegations remain contested and there is no verified final merits ruling.8

The money stays, but new product launches slow. Morningstar reports C$67 billion in Canadian sustainable fund assets at the end of 2025. Only two new funds launch that year, down from 18 in 2024. The ten biggest net inflow winners attract C$4 billion while the rest lose C$2.9 billion combined. Greenwashing does not explain that result on its own. What the numbers do show is a market where assets keep growing while new money concentrates in fewer products.9

Ottawa Helps Build A Common Language 2021 to 2026

While the disputes make headlines, a slower effort is underway in Ottawa. In 2021, a federal advisory council is asked to develop a way to classify green and transition investments. That sounds straightforward until the conversation reaches steel, mining, transport and energy. Canada's economy also depends on steel, mining, transport and energy. Can an investment that cuts emissions in a high emitting industry earn a transition label? And who can answer that question in a way investors will trust?

Green claims carry more legal risk. Competition Act changes in 2024 put environmental marketing under closer scrutiny. Parliament changes part of that regime in March 2026 by removing the requirement for business activity claims to follow an internationally recognized methodology. Misleading claims remain unlawful. By then, fintechs face new green claim rules under Competition Act, making documentation and evidence part of the commercial risk around environmental marketing.

The government work began years earlier. The federal Sustainable Finance Action Council receives a taxonomy mandate in 2021. Its 2022 roadmap report proposes green and transition classifications and a governance system, warning that delay could cost Canada investment opportunities. The early ambition to have a fuller framework in place by 2025 passes without one.

The Council Faces Its Hardest Decisions 2025 to 2026

The promise of a Canadian standard survives years of debate, and then the fight shifts to who gets to write the rules. In 2024, Ottawa sets out the case for national green and transition investment guidelines. In December 2025, it backs an independent development process rather than writing the technical rules itself. By summer 2026, a draft is out for public comment. Participants disagree over where transition ends and greenwashing begins, particularly when projects lower emissions without changing the underlying business. The council has to draw lines that investors can use, even when those lines are unpopular.

Ottawa funds the work but doesn't write the standard. In December 2025, Finance Canada selects the Canadian Climate Institute, working with Business Future Pathways, to support an independent taxonomy process. The federal government provides seed funding and a mandate. The independent Council owns the methodology and approval decisions.10

The 2026 consultation brings the difficult cases into the open. Canada has to decide how to treat investments that cut emissions inside steel, mining, transport and energy without pretending those industries are already green. A proposed emissions abatement category draws particular attention because a project can reduce emissions and still extend the life of a high emitting asset. Council chair Marlene Puffer connects the work directly to investment. “Ultimately, this work will underpin Canada’s ability to compete for capital with our peers around the world.”11

A Canadian Taxonomy Finally Takes Shape October 20, 2026

On October 20, 2026, the independent council publishes the methodology. Canada finally has a common starting point for calling an economic activity green or transition. The difficult cases haven't vanished. Detailed technical tests are still coming, and the proposed emissions abatement category is left for further work. The federal government supports the initiative, but adoption remains voluntary. After years of promises and challenges, the market has a clearer language. It still needs institutions willing to use it and show their evidence.

A common label may improve comparability without automatically moving more capital. Corporate Knights points to the OECD’s 2026 review, which says it remains difficult to show that taxonomies create additional sustainable investment rather than relabel activity that might have happened anyway. Canada’s voluntary approach makes that harder to measure. The critique is worth keeping in view as investors watch whether the new framework changes financing decisions or simply gives existing activity a clearer name.

What Canada’s 2026 Green and Transition Taxonomy Covers

Canada now has a methodology for assessing green and transition activities. It does not yet have a final catalogue of certified investments. The Council has approved the framework while technical criteria for individual sectors are still being written. Ottawa funded and mandated the work. The independent Council remains the approver, and use of the taxonomy is voluntary.

Green and transition cover different kinds of investment. A green activity is already aligned with a low or near zero emissions pathway, subject to the final screening criteria. A transition activity can sit inside a high emitting sector if the investment moves that activity along a credible path to lower emissions. A steel upgrade can therefore be judged on the work being financed rather than letting one project turn the whole company green.

Take three financing decisions. Low emissions electricity could qualify as green once it meets the sector test. New equipment at a steel plant could qualify as transition if the emissions reduction and pathway meet the criteria. A methane reduction project at an oil and gas facility is harder to classify. It can cut emissions today while extending the life of the underlying asset. The classification follows the activity being financed, not the marketing around the company.

The draft also proposed a third category for some emissions abatement projects. The Council leaves it out of the final methodology and carries the work into 2027. Lenders and companies are left without an easy label for some projects that cut emissions but do not fit a credible green or transition pathway. The framework also rejects partial alignment. One eligible feature cannot carry an otherwise unqualified project.

The methodology now has to work on real deals. Electricity, buildings and transportation come first. Mining, manufacturing, agriculture and forestry follow, with six priority sectors targeted by the end of 2027. Wider environmental safeguards and Indigenous rights also sit inside the framework. Lenders will need evidence at the activity level, close enough to the financing decision that someone can check it.

Investors can already ask which activity is being financed and whether the claim is green or transition. They can check whether the relevant sector test exists and who reviewed the supporting data. They can also ask whether the label applies to one activity or is being stretched across an entire company, fund or bond. The taxonomy gives those questions a common language. Banks, funds and borrowers still have to choose whether to use it.

How Canada Differs From Europe, The UK And Singapore

Europe already uses a taxonomy inside a wider disclosure regime. Covered companies and financial products report against defined economic activities, but eligibility and full alignment are not the same thing. An activity can fall within the taxonomy’s scope without satisfying every condition required for alignment.12

The United Kingdom went the other way. After consulting on a green taxonomy, the government decides in July 2025 not to proceed and keeps other sustainability disclosure and product measures instead. The UK is relying on disclosure and product rules without adding another classification system.13

Singapore puts transition finance directly into its taxonomy. That approach speaks to a problem Canada also has to solve. Investors must judge upgrades in higher emitting sectors, not only obvious green assets. The labels still do not travel automatically across borders. A Canadian project has to satisfy the rules of the market where the claim is being made.14

A Canadian company raising money abroad may need one evidence package for European investors and another for Asian investors. That adds cost and friction. It also creates a market for fintech and regtech firms that can carry project data, audit trails and reporting evidence across jurisdictions.

Canada can borrow the discipline without copying every foreign label. Clear thresholds, transparent exclusions and evidence that survives scrutiny will matter more than matching another market word for word. If Canadian banks and issuers can show exactly what qualifies and why, the taxonomy can become useful on real deals. Another label on its own will not rebuild trust.

Because the taxonomy is voluntary, banks and fund managers now have a choice. They can align products with the common definitions or continue relying on their own frameworks unless another rule requires otherwise. Investors will be able to see which institutions use the shared standard and which do not.

That choice creates work for fintech firms that can keep the evidence attached to the financing claim. Activity screening, emissions records, approvals and audit trails all need to survive from origination through reporting. Capital is already moving into audit ready ESG software, including Novisto's USD $27 million raise. Banks, asset managers and borrowers will pay for systems that make sustainability claims easier to verify and harder to overstate.

The Promise Meets the Proof

A green label once helped a product stand out. Today, investors can ask much more of the claim behind it. Canada’s banks and fund managers have sold the promise of sustainable finance for years. Investors have answered with real money. The controversies have shown how quickly confidence frays when the language is more impressive than the evidence.

Canada's government backed, independently developed taxonomy gives the market a chance to reset that bargain. It is voluntary, and the technical tests are unfinished. No council can make an old claim true after the fact. Banks can show how a financing decision qualifies. Companies can keep the records behind the claim. Fund managers can tell investors exactly what they own.

Fintech founders have a market in the systems that keep these claims honest. Activity screening, emissions data, traceable loan records and assurance can become products that banks, issuers and investors will pay for. The firms that earn trust won't be the ones making the largest green promise. They'll be the ones that can show where the money went, what changed and who checked the evidence.

What Happens Next?

  • Will Canadian banks and fund managers publicly commit to the voluntary taxonomy and disclose which products meet it?
  • Can technical criteria accommodate industrial emissions reductions without weakening transition classifications?
  • How will smaller companies afford the data, assurance and reporting needed to qualify?
  • Will international investors find Canadian labels comparable enough to use across markets?

Related NCFA Intelligence

NCFA STORY

CSA Pauses Climate and Diversity Disclosure Rules

Canada paused mandatory climate disclosure rules in 2025 while material climate risks and misleading claims remained subject to securities law. Voluntary standards therefore carry more weight in the market.

NCFA INSIGHT

AI Won’t Solve SME Finance Without Better Data

Sustainable finance breaks down when businesses cannot collect and reuse reliable operating data. Better evidence infrastructure is becoming part of the financing opportunity for SMEs, lenders and fintechs.

NCFA STORY

Sustainability A Must for Fintech Growth

Fintechs face their own sustainability pressures as digital infrastructure consumes more energy and customers expect stronger environmental performance. The business opportunity and the operating risk are moving together.

NCFA VOICES

Businesses Competing on Social Values Use Fintech to Gain an Edge

Long before Canada had a taxonomy, customers were already rewarding companies that reflected their environmental and social values. Fintech gave firms new ways to turn those values into measurable participation.


NCFA Canada logoThe National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org

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Why Payments Have Become a Competitive Advantage for Online Casinos

Oct 20, 2026

Illustration of a man holding a smartphone showing a withdrawal request confirmation beside a laptop with digital payment options and transaction status updates, illustrating online casino payments and payout processing in Canada.

Ontario's standards for internet gaming say a player's withdrawal must be processed "as soon as is practicable." Five words and no number. The deposit side of the same rulebook is equally short on timing, for a reason that explains most of what follows: the regulator was never trying to set a service level. It was trying to make sure money only moved to the person it belonged to. The rules ask for less than customers now expect, and operators compete in that gap.

Deposits Became Instant Before Anyone Decided They Should

The standard never needed to say "instant". Interac e-Transfer settled the question of what a transfer should feel like years before any regulator wrote a rulebook for online casinos, and operators inherited that expectation whether they had built for it or not. A recent summary of Payments Canada's 2026 trends report puts it in one line: Canadians have already changed how they pay, ahead of the infrastructure meant to carry it.

On the deposit side, the industry has largely caught up. Card rails, e-Transfer and wallet payments all land fast enough that a player rarely notices the mechanism. The effect has been to move the whole competitive question to the other end of the transaction.

Withdrawals Are Where Operators Diverge

Deposits are a payment job. Withdrawals are really a compliance job, which is why deposits are mostly sorted and withdrawals aren't. Before money leaves a regulated Ontario site, the operator has to be satisfied that the person requesting it is the account holder, that the destination account is one the player legally holds, and, where its own risk assessment calls for it, that the source of the funds can be reasonably corroborated. Those are conditions of registration. They take time, and the time is not the same for every customer or every operator.

That variance is the competitive gap. Two operators on identical rails can deliver very different withdrawal experiences depending on how much verification they front-load at sign-up, how they batch outgoing payments, and whether a request made on a Friday evening sits until Monday. The lobby looks the same either way. By including average payout times in its casino reviews, PlayCanada gives readers a way to compare a detail that is often less visible than game selection or promotional offers: how long different operators take to return their money.

The Rail That Will Change This Is Not Live Yet

The Real-Time Rail is the development most likely to narrow that gap, but not yet. The RTR by-law took effect on August 24, 2026. Payments Canada has the system itself launching in the fourth quarter of 2026, with the migration of Interac e-Transfer clearing and settlement running through the first three quarters of 2027.

Until then, an operator promising an instant payout is promising something its own infrastructure may not deliver consistently, and one that quotes a day or two is often being accurate rather than slow. A faster rail will also do nothing to the verification step in front of it. Even with instant settlement, someone still has to decide to release the money.

Open banking tells a similar story on a longer horizon. The consumer-driven banking framework now sits with the Bank of Canada under legislation passed in March, with draft regulations published in June and no coming-into-force date yet. Payment initiation, the piece that would matter to a casino cashier, is a later phase.

What Payments Cost an Operator

Every method on a cashier page carries a cost the player never sees: interchange on cards, per-transaction fees on transfers, wallet provider margins, chargeback exposure, and the staff and software needed for fraud screening and anti-money-laundering reporting on top. Operators serving more than one market add currency conversion on both legs.

The economics push in two directions at once. Offering more methods widens the funnel and raises the cost base. Offering fewer lowers cost and loses the customer whose bank does not support the one method on the list. The usual resolution is to treat the deposit menu as marketing and the withdrawal path as risk management, and that split is why the two experiences feel so different to the person using them.

Why the Canadian Market Makes This Visible

Both open Canadian markets make the gap unusually easy to see. Ontario has had registered private operators since 2022 and Alberta since July; the other provinces each run a single public platform. Operators in an open market all sit under one published standard, so what still differs between them is operational, and nothing operational is more visible to a player than how long money takes to come back.

That is why operator-level payment detail has become part of how those players choose, and why payout time has turned into a figure people compare before they sign up rather than one they discover afterwards. It's the only number on a casino site that tells you about the operator itself rather than its games supplier.

Talking Point

If the Real-Time Rail removes the settlement delay by late 2027, what separates a fast operator from a slow one will be entirely a matter of how each runs verification. Does payout speed stop being a marketing claim at that point, or just become a more precise one?


NCFA Canada logoThe National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org

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KORT Payments to Acquire AptPay for Real-Time Payouts

October 19, 2026 | Market Activity | Payments Infrastructure And Money Movement, Cross Border Payments And FX, Competition And Market Structure

AI illustration of payment acceptance and real-time payout operations representing the KORT Payments acquisition of AptPay.

KORT Expands Merchant Processing With AptPay's Payment Rails and Payout Technology

On October 19, 2026, Toronto-based KORT Payments announced a definitive agreement to acquire AptPay, a Toronto payments fintech specializing in real-time transfers and payment orchestration. The deal would expand KORT's merchant processing business into account transfers, customer payouts and cross-border disbursements, giving customers more ways to collect and distribute money through one provider.

KORT is buying established technology and payment connections rather than building them from scratch. AptPay already serves merchants and financial platforms across Canada and the United States. Financial terms weren't disclosed, and the transaction is expected to close in Q4 2026, subject to customary conditions. AptPay will retain its brand, with CEO Shams Syed continuing to lead the business after closing.

AptPay Connects KORT to Seven Payment Channels

KORT processes online and in-person payments for merchants and software platforms. AptPay, founded in 2019, brings access to Mastercard Send, Visa Original Credit Transactions, Interac e-Transfer, EFT, ACH, RTP and FedNow, alongside cross-border payment services. Its technology handles account collections and disbursements through a single integration, with built-in identity verification, anti-money laundering and sanctions screening.

See:  Nuvei Buys Payoneer to Expand Global Commerce Reach

The payment methods serve different business needs. An urgent customer payout may use a card network or instant payment rail, while routine supplier transfers can use EFT or ACH. Costs, settlement times and recipient eligibility vary by network. AptPay's orchestration technology allows businesses to manage these payment routes through one integration rather than maintaining separate connections for each service.

The combination broadens KORT's role in customer transactions. A marketplace that collects payments from buyers may also need to distribute proceeds to sellers. Financial platforms handle deposits and withdrawals, while other businesses manage contractor payments and customer refunds. KORT can potentially support more of those activities through the merchant and software relationships it already serves.

KORT Sells Merrco and Expands Its Payments Business

The acquisition follows KORT's decision to narrow its focus. On October 6, the company sold substantially all of Merrco's operating assets to PayFacto. Merrco served Canada's cannabis industry and other specialized merchants. KORT is now concentrating more resources on ecommerce, direct marketing, payments embedded in software and U.S. expansion.

KORT acquired Paysafe Direct's U.S. direct marketing processing business in February 2025 and has been expanding its software distribution channel through Tilled. It has also developed payment connectivity across Mexico, Brazil, Argentina and Chile. The Merrco sale reduces its exposure to a specialized merchant business, while AptPay adds payment capabilities that can serve customers across multiple industries.

KORT's existing distribution network could give AptPay's services a faster route to market. Software platforms already using KORT for payment acceptance may be able to add account transfers and payouts through the same commercial relationship. That could increase transaction revenue per customer without requiring KORT to acquire an entirely new customer base for each service. The economics will depend on pricing, integration costs and adoption.

Canadian fintech Dream Payments expanded U.S. payouts through J.P. Morgan Payments, while other processors are adding embedded payment services. KORT will compete on more than the number of payment rails it supports. Pricing, uptime, settlement performance and ease of integration will influence whether software platforms consolidate more of their payment activity with one provider.

Danny Chazonoff, KORT President and Chief Operating Officer:

"AptPay's real-time payout and orchestration capabilities are highly complementary to our platform, and together we can offer customers a complete money movement solution across North America."

Card acceptance, bank transfers and instant payouts operate under different settlement rules, compliance requirements and funding arrangements. KORT will need to integrate those services while maintaining reliable processing for existing customers.

Talking Point

The acquisition gives it more services to sell through established merchant and software relationships, potentially increasing revenue per customer without rebuilding its sales network. KORT's competitive advantage may come from its existing distribution rather than the technology alone.


NCFA Canada logoThe National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org

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Why Canada Took 8 Years to Unlock Fintech Investment

October 18, 2026 | NCFA Story Intelligence | Fintech Regulation, Financial Institutions, Investment and Competition
AI illustration of Canada's fintech investment reform delay from 2018 to 2026, showing banks, fintech sectors and broader investment opportunities.

Six Problems Behind Canada's Eight Year Fintech Investment Delay

On October 17, 2026, Finance Canada published proposed fintech investment and technology regulations for powers Parliament approved in June 2018 and never brought into force. The package reaches more than 400 federally regulated financial institutions.

Finance now says the older rules can “prevent or complicate” fintech investment, limit capital flowing into innovative sectors and impede productivity growth. Eight years after Parliament acted, the operating rules are still only proposed.

The delay wasn’t one long consultation. Finance’s own record shows six concrete problems. Officials had to draw the regulatory perimeter between finance and technology, preserve the barrier against unrelated commerce, set revenue and regulatory capital limits, stop the rules from squeezing smaller institutions, and cut reporting requirements industry said were too heavy. Then Parliament had to repair defects in the 2018 statute in 2024. Six problems turned one reform into eight years of rulemaking.

This wasn’t a ban on fintech investment. Banks and insurers could still buy businesses that fit the existing rules. The trouble started when a fintech mixed finance with commercial software or expanded after an institution had invested. Banks had already warned that some domestic technology approvals took three to four months. The 2026 proposal would finally give qualifying mixed businesses a new route when at least 60% of their activity is financial, subject to separate limits on the investor.

Finance opened the review in 2016. It held 32 meetings and received 63 written submissions, then received 300 submissions in 2017, with 25 focused on fintech. Finance later acknowledged that incumbent institutions and industry associations were better represented than independent fintechs and venture investors.

Bankers came with a practical complaint. The Canadian Bankers Association’s 2017 submission said some domestic technology approvals could take three to four months and covered only the activities named in the application. That’s a poor fit for a fintech that can add a product, market or subsidiary in the time it takes a large institution to finish an approval process.

Fintechs Start Crossing The Old Regulatory Lines 2016 to 2017

Founders weren’t building tidy regulatory categories. Payments were moving into merchant software, identity tools could serve banks and law offices, and data companies were becoming financial infrastructure while selling into other industries. The old rules drew cleaner lines than the market did.

Investors wanted a wider lane too. Finance said collaboration could pair fintech speed with the balance sheets and customer relationships of established institutions. Portag3 Ventures, then backing Canadian companies including Wealthsimple, Borrowell and KOHO, supported broader investment flexibility and argued that bank financing and collaboration were important to the fintech ecosystem. Capital and distribution were already part of the policy problem.

Under the Bank Act route described by the CBA, a substantial investment generally had to stay inside permitted activities. If even one ancillary activity or a downstream subsidiary moved outside that list, the bank could face another approval, a different investment classification or divestment. The CBA called the restriction a “significant impediment” with the potential to restrict Canadian innovation.

Insurers ran into the same boundary from another direction. The life insurance industry’s 2017 submission said an insurer could use identity or anti money laundering technology inside finance but couldn’t freely sell the same capability to law offices, real estate firms, other businesses or government. Useful technology could have a broader market, while the ownership and commercialization rules stayed narrow.

Growth Can Turn A Bank Investor Into A Constraint 2017

A growing fintech can create a problem for the shareholder that helped fund it. Add inventory software, merchant analytics or a commercial subsidiary because customers want them, and the business may no longer fit the permission that supported the original bank investment. The CBA warned that this could discourage fintechs from working with banks.

Insurers faced a similar commercial choice. A tool built for regulated finance might have customers far beyond finance, yet the legal route could narrow who could own the business or where the product could be sold. That can influence which investor a founder takes, how the company is structured and which markets it enters next.

How could the old rules change a founder’s decision?

A founder weighing a new product couldn’t look only at customer demand. If the activity fell outside a bank investor’s permitted business, expansion could trigger another approval, a different investment classification or a divestment decision. The investor that helped finance growth could become a constraint on the next stage of growth.

No named transaction has been documented as abandoned for this reason. That doesn’t erase the mechanism recorded in the 2017 submission, because a weak legal fit can kill an idea before anyone files an application. Venture investors weren’t subject to the same federal financial institution business powers.

Parliament responded on June 21, 2018. The 2018 Budget Implementation Act broadened permitted technology activities, removed prior ministerial approval for the expanded nonfinancial activities, widened referral powers and created a new investment category for companies whose businesses were mostly financial services. The law clearly moved toward more flexibility.

But Parliament didn’t define how much of a company had to be financial to qualify as a majority financial services entity. It also left the revenue, capital, reporting and transaction conditions to regulation. Without those operating rules, institutions couldn’t use the new powers and stayed under the older framework.

Parliament Approves The Powers. The Operating Rules Don’t Follow. June 2018

Parliament gave banks and insurers broader ownership powers in June 2018. Finance still had to define the majority test, exposure limits and safeguards before anyone could use them. The authority existed. The investment route didn’t.

That left financial institutions making real investment decisions under the old framework while fintech business models kept widening. A company could fit the rules when a bank first invested and create a new legal problem later simply by adding a commercial activity customers wanted.

What exactly did Parliament approve in 2018?

The amendments expanded the information and technology activities federally regulated financial institutions could conduct. They also widened referral and agency powers, removed ministerial approval from the new permitted nonfinancial activities and created a majority financial services investment category. The direction was broader participation, not unrestricted commercial ownership.

The new category was meant for businesses that were primarily financial but also did other commercial work. Parliament supplied the authority but not the operating definition of majority or the limits around its use. Finance still had to turn the statute into rules a transaction team could actually use.

After Royal Assent, Finance worked with the CBA, the Canadian Life and Health Insurance Association and OSFI. The first problem was the regulatory perimeter. Finance called separating new technology activities from core financial services a “serious technical challenge”, especially when the same staff, assets and systems served both. Officials also had to preserve existing investment prohibitions and keep visibility into the new business.

Then came the operating limits. In 2019, officials worked through revenue caps, regulatory capital exposure, annual reports and transaction conditions. A 2020 technical review exposed two more problems. Uniform rules could box out smaller institutions, while the proposed reporting package could impose a significant burden. Finance later revised both.

Six Problems Stretch One Reform Across Eight Years 2018 to 2026

The delay didn’t come from one unresolved issue. It came from six. Finance had to separate finance from technology, preserve limits on unrelated commerce, set revenue and capital exposure caps, give smaller institutions enough room to compete, and reduce reporting requirements industry said were too burdensome. Those were the five regulatory design problems documented through the consultation record.

The sixth problem sat in the law itself. Bill C-59 received Royal Assent in June 2024 and made technical corrections to the 2018 law. It fixed discrepancies between the English and French provisions and clarified that the expanded technology powers were limited to information technology. By then, Finance had already consulted in 2019, reviewed a draft in 2020, consulted again in 2021 and returned with another draft in 2024.

Every revision created another round of legal or regulatory work. Caps changed. Reporting changed. Parliament repaired the statute six years after passage. The first public regulations still didn’t reach Canada Gazette Part I until October 2026, even though stakeholders were asking by 2024 for the powers to come into force “as soon as feasible.”

What happened between 2018 and 2026?

Finance began implementation work after Royal Assent in 2018. By early 2019, discussions had expanded to revenue and capital limits, reporting and transaction conditions. The initiative entered Finance Canada’s fintech regulatory implementation plan in July 2020, followed by further consultations on regulatory parameters in summer 2021.

The 2020 technical review found problems with the treatment of smaller institutions and the reporting burden. Finance revised the caps and streamlined reporting before consulting again in 2024. Parliament enacted the technical statutory corrections that June. Canada Gazette Part I finally published the regulatory draft on October 17, 2026.

The market didn’t wait for the rulebook. By 2019, one industry study counted roughly 1,000 Canadian fintech companies, more than 30,000 employees and about C$30.5 billion in startup value. Founders, banks and investors kept building around the permissions they actually had.

National Bank took control of Flinks in 2021. Its disclosed transaction included C$73 million for voting preferred shares followed by another C$30 million investment. The bank’s interest rose to 85.9%.

RBC bought WayPay in 2019 to expand automated business payments and account reconciliation. Canada Life acquired ClaimSecure in 2021, adding 1.25 million plan members and technology handling more than C$1.2 billion in annual claims payments. Canada Life and ClaimSecure later launched a combined benefits product.

Flinks, WayPay And ClaimSecure Move Ahead Under The Old Rules 2019 to 2026

Those deals matter because they rule out the easy story. Canada didn’t ban institutional fintech investment, and banks and insurers kept buying businesses that fit the existing framework. The squeeze showed up at the edges, where finance blended with commercial activity or a company later expanded beyond the legal fit that supported the original investment.

By October 2026, Flinks had moved beyond financial data connectivity into banking development, payment integrations, account switching and managed services. That’s exactly the kind of expansion a strategic shareholder may want to keep backing. Under the older framework, a different commercial move could force the shareholder to stop and ask whether it could legally stay invested.

What did the companies actually disclose?

National Bank’s 2021 results disclosed the Flinks transaction. RBC described its WayPay acquisition as part of expanding digital capabilities for commercial clients. These deals establish what the old framework could accommodate.

Canada Life’s ClaimSecure acquisition added 1.25 million plan members, while the later SecurePak launch combined ClaimSecure technology with Canada Life products. None of these transactions has been established as a special exemption connected to the dormant 2018 amendments. They’re examples of what was possible, not proof that the restrictions never bit elsewhere.

The CBA warned that the legal fit could affect a deal before anyone applied for approval. If a fintech needed capital quickly, a bank bid carrying a regulatory condition could lose to cleaner, faster money. A later business change could also force the bank back into approval or divestment. A lost opportunity can disappear before Ottawa ever sees a file.

Finance expects more activity once the new route is usable. Over the past decade, roughly one institution per year sought the relevant ministerial approvals. Finance now assumes large banks will average two qualifying investments annually and large insurers one. The figures aren’t directly comparable, but Finance itself expects more activity because the process should be faster, less costly and more certain.

The Deals That Never Reach Ottawa Leave No File 2018 to 2026

Government data can count approvals. It can’t count the bank bid that was never made, the expansion pushed into another company or the investor a founder never approached because the legal fit was poor. It can’t count technology an insurer decided not to sell outside finance either. Those decisions rarely leave a public record.

The economic toll starts before an approval file exists. A bank offer with conditions can lose to faster capital. A founder can split a product, delay a commercial move or avoid an investor whose ownership may become a future constraint. None of those choices needs a rejection letter to change the company’s path.

Which business models were most exposed to the old boundary?

The businesses under the most pressure were the ones mixing finance with something else. Embedded finance can combine payments or lending with merchant software. Identity, fraud and compliance tools can sell to banks, retailers, law offices and governments. AI and data companies can support financial decisions while building a much wider enterprise market.

Research published in 2019 linked Canada’s financial services productivity gap to restrictive regulation that weakened competition, capital formation and fintech scaling. It also noted that the investment reforms already passed still lacked clarity and an effective date. The report didn’t isolate the dormant 2018 amendments as a standalone productivity cost, but the implementation gap was visible years before the 2026 proposal.

The October proposal finally puts a number on majority. A target can qualify when at least 60% of its business consists of qualifying financial activity, measured using whichever produces the highest result among revenue, operating expenses or assets. That gives younger or differently structured companies more than one way to clear the test.

The investor has separate limits. Institutions with more than C$12 billion in equity would face a 10% nonfinancial revenue ceiling and a 10% regulatory capital exposure limit. Small and medium institutions with C$12 billion or less in equity would get 15% revenue headroom while keeping the same 10% capital limit.

The 60% Test Gives Mixed Fintechs A New Route October 2026

Take a payments company that also sells merchant software. Under the older activity based route, one impermissible commercial activity could knock the company out of that investment permission. Under the proposal, a business with 70% qualifying financial activity and 30% other commercial activity could potentially qualify. The 70 and 30 split is illustrative, but the business consequence is straightforward. The founder may no longer have to strip out every useful commercial feature just to keep a bank investor eligible.

The percentages don’t describe the same limit. The historical 5% exemption covered certain bank technology investments without approval and required the investee to stay within prescribed activities. The new 60% test applies to the target company’s business mix. The 10% and 15% limits apply to the investing institution’s aggregate nonfinancial business. There isn’t a simple old cap and new cap comparison.

What investment and expansion choices could change?

The examples below put the rule into business terms. They’re illustrations of how an investment decision could change, not transactions proven to have been blocked. Securities, digital assets, privacy, lending, payments and insurance rules still apply on top of the new investment permissions.

Fintech investment example Existing framework Proposed permissions
Payments and merchant software A bank can own permitted payments or technology activities, but a fintech adding inventory management or merchant retail operations outside those permissions may become harder to acquire or retain. A bank could potentially invest in the combined payments and merchant software company when the target meets the 60% financial activity test and the bank stays within its own limits.
Lending, embedded finance and SME platforms A platform mixing lending or payments with booking, loyalty or other commercial software can fall outside an existing investment route when an impermissible activity sits in the target or a subsidiary. The mixed business route could make a qualifying embedded finance platform eligible without stripping out every commercial feature. Lending and consumer protection rules would still apply.
Digital identity, fraud and RegTech An insurer can use or license some compliance technology within finance, while its 2017 industry submission identified limits on selling the same technology to law offices, real estate firms and other nonfinancial customers. Broader technology permissions could support identity verification, fraud checks and compliance software used across industries, subject to the statutory boundaries and applicable approvals.
Insurance and health benefits technology An insurer can already acquire eligible insurance businesses, as Canada Life did with ClaimSecure. Commercial activity beyond the permitted business can still change what an insurer may own or sell. A mixed insurance technology company could be easier to acquire if its qualifying financial activity clears the majority test. Commercial activity would still count toward the institution's limits.
AI and financial data tools Banks can develop and buy permitted financial analytics. A fintech expanding into general retail or enterprise AI may cross the investor's activity permissions or require another legal structure. Expanded technology permissions or the majority financial services route could support a wider product mix. Privacy, AI and sector rules would remain separate.
Wealth technology and investing platforms A digital wealth platform may fit an existing financial investment route, while broader enterprise analytics or commercial software can complicate that route if the activities move outside permitted business. A qualifying wealth platform could combine investment services with a larger adjacent technology offering if it clears the majority test and the investor stays within its limits. Securities registration would remain separate.
Blockchain and tokenized asset infrastructure The insurance industry cited distributed ledger software for asset managers as a financial technology example in 2017. That did not make every blockchain or token business an eligible investment. A bank or insurer may have more flexibility to invest in financial ledger software, asset servicing or a mixed technology provider when its actual activities qualify. Securities and custody rules remain separate.
Tokenized deposits and settlement Banks can already develop permitted deposit and settlement products. Canada's major banks are exploring tokenized deposits, so the dormant 2018 amendments were not a proven block to those projects. Broader investment powers could support qualifying software providers, service companies and partnerships around tokenized banking infrastructure without changing the legal treatment of deposits.
Crypto platforms and stablecoin services An exchange, custody business or stablecoin issuer does not become an eligible bank investment simply because it uses software or blockchain. Securities, prudential and other restrictions still matter. The proposal creates no blanket crypto permission. A specific business model would still need to satisfy the investment test and every other applicable regulatory requirement.
Crowdfunding and private capital markets A financing platform may qualify as a financial business, but unrelated marketplace or software activity can complicate a financial institution investment under the existing activity tests. A platform combining qualifying financial activity with commercial software could potentially fit the new category. Crowdfunding exemptions and securities rules would still apply.
Customer referrals and SME software Existing bank referral powers are principally framed around financial service providers, limiting some referrals into broader commercial platforms. Expanded referral powers could let a bank connect customers with eligible funding, invoicing and business software providers. Referral permission remains distinct from acquisition permission.

The insurance industry’s 2017 submission specifically cited distributed ledger software for asset managers. That supports a blockchain infrastructure example, not a claim that every crypto business suddenly becomes investable. Canadian banks are already exploring Canadian dollar tokenized deposits under existing powers, while distributed ledger businesses still face securities law where it applies.

If an institution breaches either aggregate limit, affected holdings can become temporary investments, generally giving it two years to return to compliance or move the holding into another permitted category. The route is wider, but it isn’t a licence for banks or insurers to own any commercial business they want.

More eligible bank and insurer investors can improve financing choices, distribution and negotiating leverage for an independent fintech. A strategic buyer can get a product in front of customers much faster. It can also end up owning technology several competing institutions rely on. More capital and more competition aren’t automatically the same outcome.

Finance is trying to keep sight of that risk. Certain large acquirers would have to report material supply arrangements between a target and the acquirer’s competitors. Smaller and medium institutions get more revenue headroom and no new reports, because identical limits would leave them with much less room to compete.

More Bank Capital Can Also Mean More Bank Control 2017 to 2026

A wider buyer pool can help founders raise money, get distribution and negotiate exits. It can also put an important supplier or emerging challenger inside a major incumbent. That’s where the reform shifts from a capital question to a competition question.

The Competition Bureau’s fintech study supported removing unnecessary barriers to entry and collaboration while keeping scrutiny where incumbent relationships could weaken competition. Finance’s new supply reporting reflects the same concern. The useful outcome isn’t simply more acquisitions. It’s more capital reaching strong companies without draining independent competitive pressure from the market.

How could smaller financial institutions compete?

Finance initially considered common limits, then found that a 10% revenue cap would leave smaller institutions with far less absolute capacity than the largest banks and insurers. Institutions with C$12 billion or less in equity therefore get a 15% revenue allowance, while everyone keeps the 10% regulatory capital limit. The extra room is meant to keep the reform from becoming a tool only the biggest institutions can use.

Small and medium institutions are also exempt from the new transaction and annual reports. That cuts a burden Finance itself concluded would fall harder on them. Whether the design works will show up in what smaller banks, trusts and insurers actually back once the powers are active.

Finance estimates the proposed rules will add C$267,518 in annualized administrative and compliance costs, or about C$1.88 million in present value over 10 years. Those figures cover the new reporting burden. They don’t count the savings from removing some ministerial approvals, and they certainly don’t capture eight years of slower, narrower business choices under the old framework.

The regulations are proposed, not in force. Canada Gazette Part I opened a 30 day consultation on October 17, 2026, with comments due November 16. The government still has to finalize the regulations and use a separate Order in Council to activate the dormant 2018 amendments.

Eight Years Later, The Powers Still Aren’t Active October to November 2026

The last round now turns on execution. The 60% definition has to work for current fintech business models, smaller institutions need enough room to compete, and Finance needs visibility into new risks without rebuilding the reporting burden industry spent years pushing back on. Get those choices wrong and the reform can still underdeliver even after eight years.

Canada has already spent eight years designing conditions around powers Parliament approved in 2018. The next step is simpler to describe and harder to deliver. Put the rules into force, give good businesses a workable path to institutional capital, and keep enough independent competition in the market that customers actually benefit.

What should fintechs and investors watch before the rules are finalized?

The 60% definition decides which mixed businesses can qualify. Revenue and capital caps decide how much room an institution has to use the powers. Subsidiary treatment, reporting exemptions and supply relationships will affect how easily deals can be structured and how closely Finance can watch competition risk.

The proposal doesn’t erase the basic policy choice behind Canada’s banking system. Banks and insurers still have to remain primarily financial businesses. What changes is the hard edge around mixed companies. Some commercial activity around finance would no longer automatically push a promising fintech outside the investment route.

Canada’s eight year delay carried a real economic toll. Banks faced approval processes that could take three to four months. Mixed fintechs could lose access to some bank or insurer investors as they expanded. Insurers had less room to sell useful technology outside financial services. Finance now says the old framework can prevent or complicate investment, limit capital and impede productivity. We can’t put a credible dollar figure on every deal, product or expansion that went another way, but the commercial cost isn’t abstract. It lands in who funds a company, what it builds next and how quickly it gets to market.

Canada has good reasons to keep banks and insurers out of unrelated commerce. Those guardrails protect stability and stop financial institutions from controlling too much of the wider economy. But a safeguard carries a cost when rules written for older business models keep constraining newer ones after Parliament has already approved change. The Competition Bureau’s fintech progress review has warned that regulatory barriers can weaken competition too. Capital won’t wait eight years for rulemaking to catch up.

Founders didn’t stop building while Ottawa worked through the rules. Banks and insurers still found ways to invest where the old framework allowed it, as Flinks, WayPay and ClaimSecure show. The 2026 proposal can widen those paths without turning strategic investment into another route to incumbent control. Eight years are gone. The better outcome now is a market where good Canadian fintechs have more ways to finance growth, commercialize useful technology and challenge the status quo.


NCFA Canada logoThe National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org

NCFA Financial Innovation MapNCFA Innovation Opportunity BriefsNCFA Fintech Insights
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Why Retirement Planning Matters in New York

Oct 16, 2026 | Wealth Management, Retirement Planning, Personal Finance

AI illustration of a financial advisor reviewing a retirement planning diagram covering savings, investments, insurance, housing, lifestyle goals, and financial freedom.

Planning for retirement while living in a high-cost state like New York is even more important. Housing, healthcare, taxes and everyday expenses can go up and affect retirement.

Retirement planning aligns savings, investments, income, and future lifestyle goals. So, a retirement strategy should include a person’s location, income, assets, investments and expected retirement age.

Wealth management for pre-retirees in New York City can make the process much easier by working with financial planners.

Understanding the True Cost of Retirement in New York

Consider potential housing expenses, property taxes, utilities, transportation, and healthcare in New York. Also account for mortgage payments, rent, and other fixed expenses when planning retirement.

Moreover, you should consider whether downsizing or paying off a mortgage could help with long-term financial flexibility. Estimate essential expenses separately from discretionary spending.

Build a Savings and Investment Strategy

Review workplace retirement plans, including 401(k) and 403(b) accounts. Traditional and Roth IRAs offer benefits if an individual is eligible. Diversifying investments and asset classes is key when planning for retirement.

Time horizon, risk tolerance, inflation, and withdrawal needs affect investment decisions. Review contribution levels, employer matching opportunities, and beneficiary designations. A retirement portfolio should gradually reflect changing income needs as retirement approaches.

Financial Planning for Early Retirement

Early retirement often requires a larger savings base and a longer withdrawal period. Retiring before age 65 can affect access to Medicare and the need for alternative health insurance. Withdrawals from certain retirement accounts before age 59½ may trigger income taxes and additional penalties. Highlight the importance of maintaining accessible savings outside tax-advantaged retirement accounts.

See: Fintech Opportunities in Wealthy Retired Boomer Markets

Stress-test retirement plans against inflation, market downturns, and unexpected expenses.

Understand New York Retirement Taxes and Income Sources 

Social Security benefits, pensions, investment income, and retirement account withdrawals may be taxed differently. New York State usually provides a qualifying exemption for certain pension income for eligible taxpayers aged 59½ or older, subject to statutory limits and conditions.

Note that qualifying Social Security benefits are generally exempt from New York State income tax. Verify state and local tax obligations based on their residence and income sources.

Withdrawal sequencing and tax planning can influence how long retirement assets last.

Working With Financial Advisors for Retirement Planning

Professional guidance helps coordinate investments, retirement income, tax considerations, and estate planning. Financial advisors for retirement planning can help develop a personalized strategy.

Understand an advisor's qualifications, fee structure, fiduciary obligations, and compensation model. Ask how often their plan will be reviewed and updated. Professional guidance can be particularly useful during major transitions, such as selling a business, receiving an inheritance, or preparing to leave full-time employment.

Looking for a financial planner in Brooklyn? Prestique Wealth focuses on professional guidance tailored to local circumstances.

Practical Retirement Planning Checklist 

Here is a retirement planning checklist to help you.

  • Estimate annual retirement spending and healthcare costs.
  • Calculate expected Social Security, pension, and investment income.
  • Review retirement account contributions and investment allocations.
  • Assess debt, emergency savings, and housing costs.
  • Evaluate potential tax liabilities and withdrawal strategies.
  • Review estate documents and beneficiary designations.
  • Schedule regular retirement plan reviews.

Retirement planning is an ongoing process, not a one-time calculation.

Conclusion

Effective retirement financial planning combines savings, investment management, tax awareness, and realistic budgeting. New York residents should account for local living costs and personal retirement goals. Revisit your plans as your circumstances and financial markets change.


NCFA Canada logoThe National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org

NCFA Financial Innovation MapNCFA Innovation Opportunity BriefsNCFA Fintech Insights
NCFA Fintech WhispererNCFA Fintech Fridays PodcastNCFA Weekly Newsletter