Karsten Wenzlaff, Advisor
August 26th, 2025
Fintech Risks | Oct 20, 2025
Image: Freepik/Rawpixel.com
On October 16, 2025, Bank of Canada (BoC) Governor Tiff Macklem joined Adam Posen at the Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) in Washington for a public conversation about Canada’s economic outlook and global trade. Macklem said new tariffs, slower trade, and changing supply chains are impacting the Canadian economy.
As a result, he explained that the BoC is now using several possible economic paths instead of one fixed forecast because global uncertainty has become constant. The new approach was outlined in the Bank’s July 2025 Monetary Policy Report and compares what could happen if tariffs stay the same, ease, or rise, and indicates the impact of each option on inflation, output, and interest rates.
Macklem described four forces that will impact the next 10 years for Canada:
1. Trade now clusters around three main hubs led by the United States, China, and the European Union. The United States still dominates world finance even as investors question its safe haven status, and other countries like Singpore pushing above their weight.
2. Global trade and money flows are becoming uneven again (a recurring structural issue). Some regions keep running big surpluses while others, including North America, rely more on borrowing. Macklem said this growing imbalance adds risk to the global financial system and limits how much small economies like Canada can control their outcomes.
3. He said higher tariffs and unpredictable policy weaken demand, raise costs, and reduce the efficiency of supply.
4. Canada is feeling these pressures through weaker exports, slower investment, and lower productivity growth, outcomes that no interest rate decision can reverse.
Traditional forecasts assume one view of the world. Macklem explained that the Bank now works with three possible paths. One assumes current tariffs remain. One assumes tensions ease. One assumes further escalation.
The aim is to keep inflation expectations stable while helping households and businesses adjust to uncertainty. For fintechs and lenders, strategic business planning must now be built around several credible economic futures too, and not rely on a single base case. Funding, pricing, and credit policies should be tested against each path to stay resilient no matter which reality unfolds.
Macklem explained that new tariffs and complex rules are adding cost and delay at the Canada–U.S. border, disrupting supply chains. Firms that once relied on integrated supply chains now need new suppliers, new routes, and stricter compliance to maintain trade eligibility. That adds cost and delays that ripple across sectors. Even service firms are affected through their clients and vendors.
For fintechs offering trade finance, payments, or working capital products, this environment creates opportunity but also exposure to new risks. There is demand for tools that make international transactions faster and more transparent, but also new risks tied to client sectors under pressure.
The Governor stressed that raising productivity is now essential. He pointed to faster project approvals, fewer internal trade barriers, and stronger transport links as priorities to open new pathways.
The Bank’s recent reports say that fixing long-term barriers in the economy like slow project approvals or weak competition can improve growth more than changing interest rates (aka, monetary policy).
Fintechs can build solutions that help reduce administrative frictions, such as digital identity and onboarding tools can eliminate duplication between provinces. Compliance automation and regulatory technology can shorten approval times. Procurement platforms can help smaller firms reach national customers. These are examples of direct responses to the barriers that Macklem said must be addressed.
Macklem also spoke about the neutral interest rate which is the level that keeps inflation stable without stimulating or slowing the economy. He said it may not align between Canada and the United States because productivity growth and fiscal policies differ. That divergence affects long term funding costs and the flow of investment capital.
For fintechs that borrow in U.S. dollars or rely on foreign investors, funding costs and access to cash can change even if central banks don’t move rates. The safest approach is to plan for different interest rate outcomes instead of assuming Canada and the U.S. will always move together.
When asked about digital assets, Macklem said the Bank’s work on stablecoins and a possible central bank digital currency focuses on preserving trust and value. The principle of the singleness of money means that one Canadian dollar must hold the same worth everywhere, whether in cash or digital form.
Stablecoin systems must avoid runs and guarantee convertibility. For fintech developers and innovators, it means creating systems that work within the regulated financial system, not outside. The most promising area is making international payments faster, cheaper, and clearer, while ensuring every digital dollar is fully backed and can always be redeemed.
Uncertainty is no longer an exception but a normal condition for business and policy. Every possible trade path changes inflation, growth, and the cost of capital. Fintech founders, investors, and lenders must build this thinking into their models and operations. That includes ready plans for each scenario, triggers for risk adjustments, and playbooks for client support when tariffs or rates move unexpectedly.
The firms that incorporate this discipline and governance will not only manage volatility better but also build trust with investors and customers who highly value predictability in uncertain times.
It's time for Canada to demonstrate adaptability, and treat uncertainty as a given design factor instead of a sudden surprise. Canada’s financial ecosystem, from established lenders to digital innovators, must treat uncertainty as a normal part of planning. Fintechs that adopt scenario planning, streamline processes, and improve real economy efficiency can help Canada compete globally even as the trading system fragments.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create aa vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Anti-Fraud | Oct 20, 2025

Image: Freepik
On October 20 2025, the Department of Finance Canada released plans for a National Anti-Fraud Strategy that will be introduced through Budget 2025. The initiative is designed to combat growing financial fraud, scams, and economic abuse that affects millions of Canadians every year.
According to the Canadian Anti-Fraud Centre, Canadians lost $645 million to fraud in 2024 (almost a 300% increase since 2020), noting only 5-10% of scams are ever reported. The government says the new strategy aims to reverse that trend through prevention, data sharing, and stronger oversight across financial and digital channels.
Honourable Gary Anandasangaree, Minister of Public Safety:
“Today’s financial criminals make use of every modern tool at their disposal to try to defraud Canadians. Our government’s new Strategy is tackling head-on the threat posed by these fraudsters. A stand-alone Agency to fight financial crime is critical to maintaining confidence in our financial system, and keeping people, and their money, safe.”
As an early step, Budget 2025 will propose amendments to the Bank Act that would require banks to:
The changes are expected to strengthen consumer control and protection, especially for seniors, newcomers, and other vulnerable groups.
The government also intends to create a new Financial Crimes Agency by spring 2026. This federal agency would lead investigations into money laundering, organized crime, and online fraud, bringing together financial, legal, and law enforcement expertise to recover illicit funds. Rules to formally establish the agency is expected in 2026 after consultation with the Ministers of Justice and Public Safety.
The government will also work with banks and stakeholders to develop a voluntary Code of Conduct for the Prevention of Economic Abuse. The code will set clear expectations for how financial institutions identify and respond to economic abuse, a type of financial control and coercion that often targets women and seniors. Work will be guided by principles of victim focused support, collaboration, and financial empowerment.
Banks (perhaps with the help of financial technology providers) will play a key role as front-line institutions that can detect early signs of financial control or distress and provide safe guidance for clients to regain independence.
For fintech companies, the emerging anti-fraud legislation means there's a strong focus on consumer trust and financial resilience. Stricter fraud controls for banks will also apply to their fintech partners through compliance expectations and data standards.
Fintech firms that build strong fraud detection and digital ID tools will have an advantage, finding it easier to work with banks while everyone benefits from a safer financial system. Companies that are transparent, secure, and possess strong governance will earn public and institutional trust.
The creation of a Financial Crimes Agency also opens new opportunities for collaboration between the public and private sectors on cyber risk, data sharing, and proceeds of crime recovery.
While the full framework, funding, and timeline details will be presented at Budget 2025, protecting Canadians from financial fraud is a national priority, raising the minimum bar for a trusted digital economy.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create aa vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Bank of Canada | Oct 14, 2025

While almost everyone knows and/or has come to the same conclusion at one point or another, to hear the Bank of Canada's Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Rogers deliver the same warning at the Canadian Club in Toronto on October 9, 2025, signals that perhaps the political critics against introducing more innovation and competition in the banking industry are going to have to acquiesce or Canada's economy and living standards will continue to crumble. The Bank of Canada's speech veers from the institutions usual restraint, which was published under the speech title, 'Productivity's competitive edge'.
In short, Rogers said while Canada’s banking system remains stable, it is also highly concentrated, a structure now holding back innovation, competition, and national productivity. Below we break down some of the key and relevant quotes.
1. “It would also be hard to argue, on any objective measure, that Canada’s banking system is anything other than an oligopoly.”
Rogers’ statement cut through years of careful language. Six institutions dominate almost every part of the financial system. When a few players control access to credit, payments, and capital, competition (and thus productivity) slows. Oligopolist margins stay high not from efficiency but from market power.
Consumers face limited choice, and startups face unfair barriers that restrict their ability to grow.
Over time, and in the face of growing geopolitical risk, the impact of stagnation ripples across the economy as productivity weakens, innovation slows, and the cost of doing business is stubbornly high.
2. “The six largest banks collectively hold about 93 percent of all banking assets.”
It's immensely profitable for banks to scale without real competition. When a handful of banks dominate that are protected by the government, the incentive to innovate diminishes.
New entrants face steep obstacles that make entry prohibitively expensive. Customer mobility is low because switching banks is difficult, and incumbents have little reason to compete on service or cost.
This level of concentration kills inertia before it's had a chance to get off the ground. A sort of regulatory conservatism where policy focuses on maintaining stability instead of competition and encouraging growth.
It also contributes to the misallocation of capital, with funding often directed toward established low-risk assets instead of dynamic and productive new ventures.
3. “Many argue that this level of concentration has clear negative impacts on productivity, innovation, capital allocation, cost and consumer choice.”
The adverse impacts of this prolonged conservative approach is visible in every part of the financial system. Weakened competitive pressure keep fees high and innovation limited. Fintech firms and non banks are stifled by access restrictions and a lack of infrastructure sharing.
The dominance of large incumbents has created a drag on productivity, discouraging foreign and domestic investment in innovative financial technologies and systems. Regulators, under constant lobbying pressure from powerful incumbent players, risk capture and caution.
Consumers end up paying more, while the wider economy suffers from slower capital formation and lower economic growth.
4. “Greater contestability, more new entrants and more innovation in our financial sector would lead to competition that’s good for consumers, for productivity and for our economy.”
Rogers' speech didn't stop at the problems. She pointed directly at the solutions that are actively in Canada's financial innovation pipeline that would open markets and increase contestability (read: competition).
Real Time Rail and open banking were designed to do just that. Both initiatives aim to make payments faster and more accessible while empowering consumers to use their data to get better services.
Yet both have been slowed by lack of political urgency. Every delay reinforces the oligopoly’s power and widens Canada’s productivity gap with other advanced economies.
5. “We should lean into it.”
Rogers closed by calling for action. Canada’s stability is valuable, but without competition, it becomes stagnation. Stability alone cannot deliver growth or innovation.
The future depends on whether policymakers are willing to favour market openness, accountability, and the kind of innovation that allows new participants to compete on equal ground.
While Canada’s policymakers have inched towards open banking and Real Time Rails, political will remains uncertain. The government signalled intent in previous statements, and regulators have continued to prepare the technical frameworks.
However industry and fintech groups and business leaders need visible deadlines, transparent implementation plans, and strong data rights today, not years from now after already waiting half a decade.
But rhetoric could be changing into real momentum because Canada's back is up against the wall and success depends on whether political leaders, not only regulators, commit to timelines, accountability, and measurable progress.
The federal economic budget is due this fall, and if the statement lacks specific commitments, the oligopoly will remain untouched yet again. If it includes firm milestones, open access, and clear delivery dates, Canada could finally begin to modernize its financial infrastructure and restore productivity growth.
By calling Canada’s banking system an oligopoly, the Bank of Canada directly linked banking concentration to productivity. Real Time Rails and open banking are are linchpins to unlock competition, expand consumer choice, and modernize how money moves. The National Crowdfunding and Fintech Association of Canada continues to advocate for more competition, access to capital, and policy frameworks that enable fintech innovation.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create aa vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Oct 14, 2025

The world of fintech moves faster than most industries.
Every week brings a new regulation, an emerging technology, or a cyber threat that can change the way startups operate.
Among all these moving parts, two factors stand out as game-changers: AI-driven phishing defense and diverse staffing.
At first glance, they may seem unrelated—one is a tech safeguard, the other a people strategy—but in reality, they’re deeply connected.
Diverse staffing means building teams that represent different backgrounds, cultures, genders, and perspectives.
It’s not just about filling quotas; it’s about creating a mix of thinkers who can see problems and opportunities from multiple angles.
In fintech, where innovation and security are crucial, having diverse minds at the table helps companies anticipate risks others might overlook.
I once worked with a startup that struggled to understand why their mobile banking app wasn’t resonating with certain communities.
After bringing in a multicultural design team, they realized that small UI details—like language tone and icon choices—were alienating non-native English speakers.
Once those adjustments were made, engagement skyrocketed.
Diverse staffing isn’t a buzzword—it’s a direct path to resilience and creativity.
Startups that prioritize inclusivity create stronger internal networks and make better, faster decisions.
Phishing attacks have become one of the biggest threats to fintech.
Hackers no longer rely on sloppy scams; they use advanced AI tools to mimic authentic company communications.
In one incident I witnessed, a financial startup received what appeared to be a vendor invoice email.
The tone, logo, and even the metadata looked legitimate—but it was a targeted phishing attempt powered by AI-generated content.
Because one employee noticed subtle inconsistencies, the company avoided a potential breach worth millions.
That awareness came from training sessions led by a culturally diverse security team that understood how different communication styles could be exploited in phishing attacks.
Their unique insights into language nuances helped them spot what others missed.
AI phishing defense systems rely on machine learning to detect abnormal patterns—strange email origins, inconsistent phrasing, or odd click behavior.
But machines alone can’t interpret every context correctly.
That’s where diverse staffing bridges the gap.
People from different linguistic and cultural backgrounds can identify red flags that AI may misinterpret.
For instance, an employee fluent in multiple languages might recognize that an email claiming to be from a French client used incorrect business etiquette or spelling conventions.
A cybersecurity engineer from another region might catch phishing attempts that play on local banking jargon.
This mix of perspectives strengthens the AI’s learning loop—feeding it richer, more nuanced data to detect future threats.
Customers in fintech trust brands that understand their specific needs and communication styles.
When users see themselves represented in a company’s workforce, that trust deepens.
A diverse team doesn’t just improve cybersecurity—it enhances customer relationships and global reach.
Take digital payment startups expanding into international markets.
Having employees who understand local financial systems, traditions, and risk perceptions can make product launches smoother.
This firsthand knowledge ensures compliance with cultural expectations and helps prevent unintentional errors that could trigger regulatory scrutiny.
When I consulted for a mid-sized fintech company, their hiring process focused almost entirely on technical skills.
They had brilliant engineers, but their cybersecurity incidents kept rising.
Once they diversified their recruitment—bringing in specialists from different regions, languages, and genders—everything changed.
The team’s brainstorming sessions became more dynamic, and phishing simulations revealed a 40% improvement in detection rates.
Their success wasn’t accidental.
Diverse staffing created an environment where people felt empowered to question assumptions and propose unconventional ideas.
That mindset proved invaluable for strengthening AI defense systems and developing smarter internal training modules.
AI can process massive amounts of data faster than any person, but it lacks intuition.
Humans—especially those with varied experiences—excel at reading emotional cues, tone, and intent.
For example, a phishing email designed to mimic urgency might trick a machine’s keyword filter but feel “off” to a human reader.
A multicultural security team understands that emotional manipulation looks different across cultures.
In some regions, scammers use politeness and flattery; in others, they exploit authority and hierarchy.
Combining AI’s analytical power with these human instincts creates a more holistic defense system.
Startups thrive when teams move quickly, communicate openly, and challenge each other’s thinking.
Diversity encourages all three.
When employees come from different walks of life, discussions become richer, and blind spots get smaller.
It’s no surprise that companies with inclusive leadership outperform competitors in innovation and market growth.
In one fintech accelerator program, a group of startups was asked to pitch AI-based security solutions.
The winning team wasn’t the one with the most funding or tech power—it was the one with members from six countries and a balanced gender ratio.
Their final product succeeded because it accounted for human error, cultural behavior, and ethical considerations that others ignored.
To integrate diversity and AI defense effectively, fintech startups should:
Tomorrow’s fintech ecosystem won’t rely solely on firewalls and encryption—it will depend on the collective intelligence of humans and machines.
Diverse staffing ensures that AI systems are trained with better context and that decision-making remains human-centered.
This hybrid model of defense and inclusion isn’t just ethical; it’s strategic.
The startups that blend AI technology with human diversity won’t just survive—they’ll lead.
They’ll build systems that can outsmart cybercriminals, earn global trust, and adapt faster than ever before.
Innovation in fintech is no longer just about coding speed or funding size.
It’s about who’s sitting at the table, what experiences they bring, and how they collaborate with technology.
AI phishing defense provides the armor, but diverse staffing builds the strength behind it.
When those two forces align, fintech startups transform from vulnerable targets into resilient, future-ready organizations.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create aa vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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AI Ethics | Oct 10, 2025

Image: Freepik
On October 7, 2025, AP news reported that Deloitte Australia has agreed to refund part of a $440,000 AUD government contract for not disclosing the use of AI and delivering a 237 page welfare report to the Department of Employment and Workplace Relations (DEWR) that was riddled with AI generated errors, fabricated quote, non-existing sources and incorrect legal references.
Deloitte Australia subsequently returned part of its fee and reissued a corrected report with full disclosure that AI had been used while correcting the identified errors, raising questions around how oversight can keep pace with growing enterprise AI adoption.
According to the Guardian's analysis of Deloitte's AI mistake, the DEWR report was first published in July 2025, and not until several months later did University of Sydney researcher Chris Rudge first detect the fake academic references embedded throughout Deloitte’s report. He described the contents as clearly AI generated, such as strange book titles and misattributed legal quotes.
Senator Barbara Pocock later criticized the firm’s use of AI saying, "[Deloitte] misused AI and used it very inappropriately: misquoted a judge, used references that are non-existent”.
Shame on Deloitte. Bigger shame on Govt: $440k contract for rubbish work: “Deloitte has admitted to using generative AI for a core analytical task; but it failed to disclose this in the first place.” pic.twitter.com/QLM1Y4kp3u
— Barbara Pocock (@BarbaraPocock) October 5, 2025
The Deloitte case shows how unchecked automation can weaken confidence in institutions that depend on verified data and transparent reporting. For fintechs and financial institutions, it reinforces that every AI-assisted process from compliance to portfolio analysis needs accountable oversight and clear audit trails.
"Oversight can be human, automated, or hybrid, but it must always be explainable and verifiable."
Canadian regulators are also under pressure to ensure that AI tools used in finance meet standards of traceability and accountability. Embedding disclosure requirements, validation checkpoints, and auditable review logs can prevent governance breakdowns before they escalate.
Consulting and financial firms that apply AI ethically and responsibly will maintain (and grow) their credibility, while those that don’t risk lasting damage to their reputation. According to news reports, at least the report recommendations were in tact. Accountability is the real audit.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create aa vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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