Karsten Wenzlaff, Advisor
August 26th, 2025
McKinsey Digital | Feb 26, 2021

Creating a new, global business in a regulated industry such as financial services is challenging. Setting the organization up for global scale and turning it into one of the most successful digital disruptors comes with even greater challenges. In a conversation with McKinsey’s Jerome Königsfeld and Lukas Salomon, N26 cofounder and co-CEO Maximilian Tayenthal reflects on learnings from the company’s rapid growth and rollout across 25 countries.
Lukas Salomon (LS): You launched N26’s banking product six years ago and have scaled rapidly. Looking back to your early days, how did you come up with the idea for the business?
Maximilian Tayenthal (MT): We originally started with a different idea: we were offering a prepaid card for teenagers. The card was connected to an app through which their parents could control the card. But when we launched a beta version of this product, we quickly discovered that parents weren’t actually using this product for their kids—they were using it for themselves. We then realized that we might be able to play in a bigger arena, as our product had all the elements of a digital-banking offering: cards, an app, and accounts into which people could deposit money. If we could build a strong product, we’d be able to compete with large incumbents in their core business.
LS: After identifying that opportunity, what were the first indicators that showed you’d actually be able to scale it into a billion-dollar business?
MT: There wasn’t one specific moment in which we really knew it’d be a success.
As soon as we launched the banking product, we saw strong excitement from customers and confirmed that there was a need for our product. We had a waiting list of 50,000 prospects. Once we understood that potential, my co-founder and I set our long-term ambition.
We knew we didn’t want a quick exit. Instead, we wanted to build a global financial institution, impact the lives of 100 million customers, and compete with the biggest banks worldwide. I think setting this level of ambition early on is what differentiated us from many other start-ups—we always follow our North Star target of 100 million customers.
Jerome Königsfeld (JK): What were the organizational measures you took to enable rapid scale-up?
MT: That’s definitely been challenging. We started as a team of two in our living room in Vienna and knew every tab and cell of our business-case spreadsheet. But eventually you realize that you’ve grown so much that you can no longer do that and need to delegate.
In the beginning, you dedicate all your focus to the product, which means that back-office and organizational processes sometimes lag behind.
With our growth rates, it has been particularly hard to keep up with the pace. At times, we were doubling both our customer base and our employee count every six to eight months. This came with major challenges: new team members were sometimes onboarded by someone who had joined the company only four weeks before them. Somebody hired in a stand-alone role could find themselves managing a team of 20 direct reports six months later.
When you’re growing so quickly, it’s vital that your systems and organizational processes are scalable. Think about the situation you want to be in two years from now. Select systems that don’t just work for the 100 employees you have today but for the 500 or 1,500 you might have by then. Make sure that you also hire people who’ve seen big organizations before and who are able to lead others. We may be a young team, but today we’re hiring people with a lot of experience, especially for executive roles.
LS: While your role encompasses a broad set of responsibilities across the company, you also served as the CFO. How do you see the role of the finance function in a rapidly scaling business?
MT: One of the key responsibilities is fundraising. At around $3.5 billion, we’re one of Germany’s highest-valued and most well-funded private start-ups, but we still have a very big vision and need to make sure that we find sufficient capital to fund our global expansion. We’ve greatly benefited from the liquid private markets of the past few years but are now also considering a potential IPO in the future.
JK: What about monitoring and reporting? How do you ensure you’re on track and establish transparency on plans and budgets when your business transforms so quickly?
MT: We’re passionate about data. We monitor dozens or even hundreds of key metrics such as sign-ups, churn, cross-sells, upsells, and subscriptions in real time. Live dashboards allow everyone to track progress every minute. On the financial side, we have a full P&L every month but monitor KPIs within the teams daily.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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The Finanser | Chris Skinner
Chris Skinner:
Traditional banks tend to push products through channels to get greater share of wallet and cross sell. Whereas, digital banks start with the customer journey and need, and then build the user experience to be part of a relationship interaction digitally, rather than trying to actually sell them anything.
James Robert Lay:
Greetings and hello. I am James Robert Lay and welcome to the 67th episode of the Banking on Digital Growth podcast. Today’s episode is part of the Exponential Insight series, and I’m excited to welcome Chris Skinner to the show. Chris is an author, speaker, and troublemaker, according to his LinkedIn profile. I like that. And Chris has written 14 books, most recently Doing Digital: Lessons from Leaders. He also writes a daily blog and consults about the future of banking. Hello, Chris, and welcome to the show.
Chris Skinner:
Hi, James. Thanks for inviting me. Great to be here.
James Robert Lay:
Yeah. And I think you mentioned before you do a lot of thinking about the future and when we think about the future, particularly through the lens of financial services, it can be hard to let go of the past. This idea of being built on the cloud natively, it’s operational, it’s mindset. And you share in your book Doing Digital, that banks must create a burning platform to ignite change for transformation, to spark change of transformation. Can you expand on this thinking about creating a burning platform? Is this really about first principles thinking, starting over instead of duct taping something that’s really falling apart, or just trying to hold things together for the old world?
Chris Skinner:
Well, there’s over 30 lessons in the book that I sort of outlined from the interviews I made over six months with these five big banks. But you start with obviously working out what to do and how to do it and getting a vision around how to digitally transform. And then you have to disturb people and make the organization uncomfortable. This is what Jamie’s doing with this “I’m scared shitless about FinTech.” He’s been doing it for a number of years in fact. I think his first time was about 2014, “Silicon Valley’s coming to eat our lunch.” And there’s been regular mantra from Jamie around effecting change and disturbing people. That’s quite funny, because when you look and track what he’s been saying about Bitcoin, for example, it’s turned around from, “Bitcoin is just a Ponzi scheme for criminals” to, “It’s worth $146,000 by the end of this year and we should invest in it.”
So it’s interesting how things change. And I think the critical thing is it’s great to have a burning platform and say, “We’re all going to die unless we change,” which actually is another thing I heard from two of the banks. You know, if we don’t transform, we die. But you have to then say, “What are we transforming to?” And I use the quote often of Charles Darwin, which is “It’s not the fittest, the fastest, the most intelligent or the strongest who survive. It’s the ones who are most adaptable to change.”
But the thing is, and my challenge to most banks, is are you adapting to change in the right way?
If you’re delegating digital transformation to a CFO or CTO, CIO, CDO, giving them a budget and a project to implement in a line of business that’s fragmented, you’re really not going to survive. Because you have to digitally transform as a company with a leadership team who are passionate about making the whole company change.
And you really have to adapt, not necessarily in a way that’s rigid. In a way that says, “Well, we have to have a vision of the way forward, so this is where we need to try and get.” It’s not a fixed destination. It’s a continuum of change to make this organization fit the 21st century based on the internet and born on the internet. And that’s the huge challenge for any bank leadership team, because most banks are led by bankers who don’t understand technological requirements.
James Robert Lay:
We’re burning the ships. We’re either going to survive or we’re going to die, and we have to keep moving forward.” But what’s holding bank leadership teams back the most, or maybe a better question is about specifically vision, is what’s blinding them to begin with in the first place?
Chris Skinner:
Well, I think, and again, going back to Jamie Dimon’s comments. He points at Square, Pay Pal, but also Ant Group and Amazon and says, “You know, these guys are going to be taking all of our business.” And that’s the disturbance, but then you have to then say, “So how are we going to change? And what do we have to change into?” And it’s a metamorphosis. It’s not a reengineering. It’s a complete reinvention, renewal. And I think what blinds them and holds them back is the challenge of doing that is humongous. It’s really not easy.
There’s a couple of great books that I’ve used through my years of talking about this. One is How Do You Make the Elephant Dance? by Lou Gerstner, talking about turning around IBM in the 1990s. But more recently Satya Nadella’s book about Microsoft. When you look at Microsoft and the turn around there, you go,
“That’s amazing that you can take a company that’s stubborn, saturated, sinking, and suddenly make it nimble and quick and turn around.”
How did they do that? It’s really about recognizing the cultural needs. Digital transformation has nothing to do with technology. It’s about people. It’s about making people understand that they have a voice, and they have an ability to enable change. They’re not just being told what to do, but they can tell us what to do.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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IMF Podcast | Jan 21, 2021
W
ith the great strides in financial technology in recent years, the lower data processing costs and fees associated with investing in the stock market should have led to broader increases of household wealth. But in this podcast, economist Roxana Mihet says while fintech has reduced barriers to access and held out the promise of gains for all, it may have worsened capital income inequality.
Mihet is Assistant Professor of Finance at HEC Lausanne, and her recent study suggests the most likely beneficiaries of financial innovation are those who have access to the valuable data that inform good investments. Mihet was recipient of the ECB's Young Economists Award in 2020 for her work on Financial Innovation and the Inequality Gap. She was invited by the IMF's Strategy, Policy and Review Department to present her research. Transcript
Roxana Mihet is an Assistant Professor of Finance at the Faculty of Business and Economics of the University of Lausanne, and a faculty member at the Swiss Finance Institute.
Information-based models of capital income inequality that link return heterogeneity to investor sophistication levels need to assume an increase in data costs to generate an increase in inequality.
Empirically, this assumption contradicts the fact that investment markets have become more informative over time, and theoretically, it also overlooks the possibility poorer investors can avoid paying a large fixed cost for data, simply by buying shares in a fund.
In this paper, I study the impact of financial innovation on capital income inequality in a theoretical framework where investors, heterogeneous in their sophistication, have a costly choice between not investing, investing through a fund of average quality, and searching for an informed fund.
The model predicts that while financial innovation can make the investment sector more efficient and boost financial inclusion, some financial innovation also brings risks. For example, when the cost of financial data processing falls, more wealthier investors trade on information.
This makes participation less valuable for the marginal stock market participant, who is a relatively poorer investor in some average (uninformed) fund and who exits the market altogether, foregoing the equity premium.
This amplifies the inequality gap and also jointly explains why in the last decades, in spite of a dramatic reduction in data processing costs and fund fees, the US stock market has become more informative, yet the stock market participation rate has been on the decline.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Techcrunch | Steve O'Hear | Jan 20, 2021
Monzo founder Tom Blomfield is departing the U.K. challenger bank entirely at the end of the month, staff were informed earlier today.Blomfield held the role of CEO until May last year when he assumed the newly created title of president and resigned from the Monzo board. However, having been given the time and space to consider his long-term future at the bank he helped create six years ago, and with a refreshed executive team now in place, he says it is time to “hand over the baton”.
In a brief but candid telephone interview, Blomfield also revealed that, as well as being unhappy during the last couple of years as CEO when the company scaled well beyond a “scrappy startup”, the pandemic and subsequent lockdowns exacerbated pressures placed on his own mental well-being. “I’m very happy to talk about what’s gone on with me, because I don’t think people do it enough”, he says.
“I stopped enjoying my role probably about two years ago… as we grew from a scrappy startup that was iterating and building stuff people really love, into a really important U.K. bank. I’m not saying that one is better than the other, just that the things I enjoy in life is working with small groups of passionate people to start and grow stuff from scratch, and create something customers love. And I think that’s a really valuable skill but also taking on a bank that’s three, four, five million customers and turning it into a 10 or 20 million customer bank and getting to profitability and IPOing it, I think those are huge exciting challenges, just honestly not ones that I found that I was interested in or particularly good at”.
In early 2019 after realising he was “doing too much and not enjoying it,” Blomfield began talking to Monzo investor Eileen Burbidge of Passion Capital, and Monzo Chair Gary Hoffman, about changing roles and how he needed more help. Then, he says, “COVID just exacerbated things,” a period when Monzo also had to cut staff, shutter its Las Vegas office and raise bridge funding in a highly publicised down round.
Meanwhile, Blomfield describes his resignation as a Monzo employee as “bitter-sweet,” and is keen to praise what the Monzo team has already achieved, including since his much-reduced involvement. “I think the team has done phenomenally well over the last year or so in really difficult circumstances,” he says. In particular, he cites Monzo’s new CEO TS Anil as doing a “phenomenal” job, while describing Sujata Bhatia, who joined as COO last year, as “an absolute machine, a real operator”.
To that end, Monzo now has almost 5 million customers, up from 1.3 million in 2019. Monzo’s total weekly revenue is now 30% higher than pre-pandemic, helped no doubt by over 100,000 paid subscribers across Monzo Plus and Premium in the last five months (sources tell me the company surpassed £2 million in weekly revenue in December for the first time in its history). Albeit at a lower valuation, the challenger bank also raised £125 million from new and existing investors during the pandemic.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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NCFA Fintech Confidential | Jan 30, 2021

The ‘Tale of Two Doors’ is part of a culture and diversity interview that took place on July 30, 2020 at FFCON20: RISE digital conference between moderator Fatima Zaidi, CEO and Co-founder, Quill Inc. and Glenn Lundy, Author, Speaker, Host #RiseAndGrind. The entire session can be viewed here – enjoy!
Fatima Zaidi: For those who have not had the pleasure of tuning into Glenn Lundy’s extremely popular Rise & Grind podcast - you absolutely should! Glenn is a keynote speaker, author and has been seen at places like Hustle and Grind, Grow Your Business, for God's sake, and stages across the country. He is also been spotlighted on channels and publications like ABC, NBC and CBS. So, I am so thrilled to be interviewing you today – can you tell us a little bit more about your background and how it relates to the topic of Tale of Two Doors?
Glenn Lundy: Yeah, absolutely. So, I grew up in a really interesting environment. My dad is black, and my mom is white. They got divorced when I was roughly 11 years old and after their divorce, my dad got remarried to a black woman and my mom got remarried to a white man and they ended up moving in two doors apart in a green little garden apartment complex in Flagstaff, Arizona. So my dad and his new wife (and her four kids) all lived in apartment #30, and I lived with my mom and my sister in apartment 28 with her new husband. And what was so crazy about it was that every stereotype you could think of existed in these two houses. In my Dad's house it was collard greens, gospel music, hip hop, Motown, sports on every television. It was loud. It was it was just that whole entire environment. And then Mom's house was more like country music, maybe a little rock and roll. She'd be sitting on the couch reading a book. It was crazy, the differences between these two environments. And so I had what I now see as the gift of being able to grow up with both cultures, and understanding the different mindsets that come with that.
Fatima Zaidi: I'm sure that everywhere you go, you can see, hear and feel stereotypes. So how do we break those down and encourage different ways of thinking and different behaviors? And particularly, how do you respond to those stereotypes?
Glenn Lundy: So I think, you know, right now is a very interesting season and a lot of eyes have been opened. And really what I think it comes down to is an acronym that I use all of the time called L-E-A-D-D spelt with two D’s. Because if you break it down, this is what I think it takes.
The L stands for Listen: we have two years, one mouth. So let's listen first to whatever relationship we're trying to increase or whatever gap we're trying to bridge. It all starts with listening. Listen to what they need, to what they're saying, and to what they're feeling.
E stands for Encourage: and I think too many people missed this step. They listen only in hopes to defend or respond. I don't want you to listen, to respond. I want you to listen to try to find something that you can encourage in that person, something that you can highlight about what they're sharing with you.
A is for Advice: We've created a relationship where now the other person goes I'm willing to learn from them because they listened to me first, and they encouraged me and made me feel like I have value and I have worth.
D is for Develop: we have to take the time to lead by development. We can’t just telling someone what to do, but not showing them, holding their hand, spending time to nurture and develop skills and abilities, otherwise it won’t work.
The second D is for Daily: This is something that we have to do daily. So I think the only way to really bridge that gap is to follow this process of L-E-A-D-D. Really start to listen to these different groups of people, the different cultural backgrounds. Let's encourage the things that are positive there. Let's advise them on ways we can do things a little bit better, and then let's commit to developing a long-term relationship so that we can ultimately make long term change.
Fatima Zaidi: Beautifully said, so on that note, would you say that or have you ever encountered a pervasive belief that diversity and excellence are somehow in conflict?
Glenn Lundy: I don't think it's necessarily a conflict, diversity and excellence. There's a different kind of definition of what excellence looks like. For example, if I am an African-American and I grew up on the streets and in the hood, my definition of excellence might mean that I make thirty thousand dollars a year, and can actually pay my bills on time. Whereas someone else who maybe grew up in a different environment with a different upbringing, that definition of excellence can be so much higher. It's just a cultural misunderstanding of the different levels of excellence and something that we need to communicate and understand. What's considered successful for one person is not necessarily the definition of success on the other side.
Fatima Zaidi: And so what advice would you provide to CEOs, founders, leaders in their respective areas, who are trying to build a more inclusive and diverse workplace How should they be supporting people of color and otherwise?
Glenn Lundy: It has to be a drastic cultural shift. I'll use an example by John Maxwell, one of the greatest authors of leadership books in history. He was at a Thanksgiving dinner and his wife was cutting the end off the roast, and he said, why are you cutting the end off the roast? And she said, it makes the roast juicier. It gives it more flavor. It just makes it so much better.
And John Maxwell was like, it doesn't make any sense. Why would cutting the end off the roast make it better? So, she said, that's the way my mom does it. So, he went to her mom and was like, hey, why do you cut the end off the roast? Her mom said it makes it juicier and gives it more flavor, and that's the way my mom does it. And so Maxwell was like this still doesn't make any sense. So, he went to his wife's mom's mom and asked, ‘why do you cut the end off the roast. Why do you do that?’ And she was like, John, back where we used to live, we had a small stove, and so I had to cut the end of the roast to get it to fit in the stove. So, it wasn’t anything to do with flavor or seasoning and just had to do with the condition in the environment that they were in at that particular time. And now it's been passed down to generation to generation to generation.
Ultimately, as leaders today, we have to understand that this cultural impact has been put in place over decades and so there isn’t a quick fix. We have to put education systems in place that over time can start to reprogram some of these cultural thoughts, biases, and limitations that were passed down and accepted over decades. With long term, consistent education that breaks that cultural mindset that currently exists, and over time, we can shift it.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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