Karsten Wenzlaff, Advisor
August 26th, 2025
Financial Post OpEd | | Mar 25, 2021
Insulating industry incumbents from competition keeps the cost of sending and receiving payments in Canada higher than it needs to be
Payment system modernization wasn’t just going to be a technology upgrade. It was also supposed to make the financial sector more competitive, putting fintechs that hold and move Canadians’ money on a more level playing-field with Canada’s biggest banks.
The Canadian Payments Act prohibits fintechs from accessing the system themselves, so they access it through banks. The problem with indirect access is obvious. Imagine having no choice but to do business with your competitor in order to compete with them.
Despite the clunky names and arcane processes, Canada’s payment system essentially works like a spreadsheet. Payment industry insiders occasionally joke that the Canadian payment system is a “glorified calculator.” It’s the most important glorified calculator you’ve likely never heard of. When I pay you, or you pay me, money doesn’t exchange hands right away. It takes time for our banks to move the money from account to account. When funds do appear in either of our accounts in almost real time, our banks have usually just fronted us the money. They use the glorified calculator to keep track of what they owe each other before the money actually moves.
I liken it to the telecommunications industry. As the only ones with direct access to essential infrastructure, a handful of banks are in a privileged market position, just as a handful of telecom giants are. From that privileged position, banks resell their access to fintechs.
But there’s a big difference. In telecommunications, the CRTC works to make sure privileged market positions aren’t being abused. In payments, there’s no such thing.
Since banks resell their access to the payment systems to fintechs, many fintechs are at an unfair disadvantage when it comes to cost and service levels. The high price of indirect access makes it difficult for them to offer their tried-and-true services, let alone experiment with more innovative offerings. That they’re forced to go through banks brings more complexity and slower payments.
That’s if you can find a bank willing to partner with you. Some banks will outright refuse to, depending on your business model. Then you can either become a bank or leave the Canadian market. Becoming a bank under the more than 800-page Bank Act is just not feasible for many fintechs, who often start off doing only a fraction of what a bank does. So exit becomes the only option.
The obvious danger is that when the new system goes live next year, the result will continue to be a less competitive market. That doesn’t just hurt fintechs. It also hurts consumers and businesses. Insulating industry incumbents from competition keeps the cost of sending and receiving payments in Canada higher than it needs to be.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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The Economist | Mar 20, 2021

A LITTLE OVER a decade ago Patrick and John Collison founded Stripe, a company in Silicon Valley that helped other tech startups accept online payments. It has since outgrown them all. On March 14th the firm said it had closed a fundraising round valuing it at $95bn—three times its valuation a mere 11 months ago, and enough to make it America’s biggest-ever unlisted firm. Stripe is not the only company cashing in on the check-out business, as the digital payments revolution finally takes off in America.
Investors’ enthusiasm for Western digital-payments companies has been whetted by the pandemic (see chart). PayPal’s share price has jumped by 180% in the past 12 months. That of Square, an American rival, has more than quintupled; and that of Adyen, based in Amsterdam, has nearly tripled. The digital boom is luring credit-card colossuses and tech titans, such as Visa and Google, to online payments. Smaller startups, meanwhile, are carving out niches. Yet markets still love the four specialists: PayPal’s shares trade at 68 times earnings; Square’s, near 510. Why are investors so bullish?
The digital-payments industry is rather like a transport system. “Acquirers” connect the shop’s app or website to the payments infrastructure and check key details, including a buyer’s identity, probity or available funds, to authorise travel. The money then moves along the customer’s chosen type of “rail”: credit-card, bank-to-bank or mobile-wallet systems, run by distinct firms. Then come the refreshment trolleys—service providers, like buy-now-pay-later firms, that purport to make the payments journey more pleasant. Everyone takes a cut of the transaction along the way.
Three trends are helping propel the digital firms further. One is the rapid growth of e-commerce, which has been turbo-charged by the pandemic. Online-transactions volumes surged by 19% globally last year as locked-down consumers turned to the internet. And there is further to go: online payments accounted for just 45% of all retail payments tracked by Mastercard, a credit-card giant, in 2020. The second trend is the dash away from cash at bricks-and-mortar shops in favour of digital payments, which covid-19 has probably accelerated by about three to five years.
A final factor comes from increasing market share within online payments. For all of the specialists’ might, over half of digital-transaction volumes worldwide are still acquired by the captive, sluggish arms of banks, says Lisa Ellis of MoffettNathanson, a research firm. Since most lack global aspirations and e-commerce expertise, market share is bound to migrate to the online giants.
Such trends boost Visa and Mastercard, the dominant credit-and-debit card networks, too. Yet they run only one type of rail, whereas the four payment champions are mostly agnostic about which channel the money travels on. And the established card firms are also under attack from anti-trust watchdogs who worry that they make it difficult for merchants on their networks to process transactions through other, cheaper, alternatives. On March 19th shares in Visa fell after reports that the Department of Justice was investigating it.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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