Karsten Wenzlaff, Advisor
August 26th, 2025
Karsten Wenzlaff is a Crowdfunding and Fintech Expert from Germany. He is Secretary-General of Digit[...]
Category Archives: Blockchain, Crypto, Digital Assets Regulations
Newfoundland Utility Ruling And Crypto Mining In Canada
Crypto Mining | Dec 1, 2025
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Competing Demands Within Canada’s Clean Power Strategy
On November 28 2025, the Financial Post reported that the Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal issued a ruling involving Blockchain Labrador Corporation (BLC) that confirmed NL Hydro can limit firm electricity service for new crypto mining operations.
BLC originally applied for 20 megawatts of guaranteed power service for a site in Wabush but NL Hydro declined to commit to that level because it needed to protect capacity for industrial, household and export priorities. Instead, NL Hydro will supply 7.75 megawatts to the company on an interim basis.
The ruling outcome confirms that NL Hydro has set boundaries on clean electricity when new digital workloads (ie. crypto mining, AI processing) add pressure to a constrained system.
National Mining Footprint In Perspective
Canada was once a notable player in global Bitcoin mining with national activity reaching close to 10% of global hashrate in 2021 but it's participation has since declined. Hashrate Index estimated that Canada held about 4% to 5% of global hashrate in their 2023 Canadian mining review, and then in a recent Q4 2025 global hashrate heatmap update benchmarked the country near 2.9%.
Canada's reduced footprint reflects a sector now concentrated in a few established companies. This smaller group of operators (see below and note, not exhaustive) also gives provinces more room to manage clean electricity across many competing needs.
See: DMG Blockchain Plans Oregon Site for AI and Mining
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- Hut 8 operates sites in southern Alberta and North Bay and previously expanded its access to electricity resources through the Medicine Hat power agreement, while continuing to build new compute and data capacity through its Vega facility expansion
- Bitfarms continues to run hydro powered installations in Quebec, as noted in the Canadian mining assessment, along with additional development in Latin America
- HIVE and DMG maintain Canadian infrastructure while building new facilities in other regions, including DMG’s plans for Oregon expansion.
Provincial Decisions On Clean Power
Several provinces with hydro based systems have taken steps to manage electricity access for mining and other high demand digital activities.
British Columbia's clean electricity announcement enabled restrictions on new mining connections. The province later confirmed a permanent limit in the 2025 energy release, and the Court of Appeal supported provincial authority to set these boundaries in the Conifex ruling summary.
Manitoba adopted a pause on new mining activity when the utility raised concerns about the scale of new load requests. The province issued this direction in the 2022 guidance on electricity connections and extended the pause through 2026 in the 2024 directive on cryptocurrency operations.
New Brunswick took a more restrictive position. The provincial Electricity Act prevents a distribution utility from extending electricity to a new crypto mining business, which appears in the current consolidation of the Act and adopted through Bill 10.
See: Corporate Crypto Treasuries Cross $137B as DATCos Multiply
Quebec continues to serve existing projects but limits new load and uses a dedicated rate class for this sector. A review commissioned by Hydro Québec found that mining produces fewer jobs for each megawatt consumed compared to data centres and industrial users, which encouraged ongoing limits.
Alberta remains an outlier, operating a deregulated, competitive market for electricity that allows mining companies and compute operators to negotiate directly for supply, supported by broader generation options.
Global Evidence On Mining Electricity Use
Global research from the Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (CCAF) offers insight into energy use for digital mining. Cambridge estimates that Bitcoin mining draws about one hundred thirty eight terawatt hours of electricity per year, as described in CCAF's update on sustainable energy use and detailed further in a Cambridge digital mining report.
The research shows that more than half of global mining electricity comes from sustainable sources such as hydropower, wind and nuclear.
Low cost clean electricity attracts miners, data centres, industrial electrification and long term export contracts. Provinces build policies that protect available capacity for the users that advance their long term economic priorities.
Why This Matters
Crypto mining can contribute value when it aligns with provincial priorities but utilities now apply stronger criteria when making decisions about supplying consistent clean energy.
Read: SEC Confirms Crypto PoW Mining is Not a Security
The ruling involving Blockchain Labrador Corporation is an example of how a province evaluates new digital load against industrial development, household reliability and export duties. Informative for any Canadian fintech leaders following the developments in digital finance, compute infrastructure and national (global) ambitions for clean energy growth.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Australia Launches 2025 Digital Asset Framework
Digital Asset Regulation | Nov 27, 2025
Image: Australian crypto adoption 2019 2025 (Independent Reserve chart)
A Principles and Risk-based Digital Asset Framework Enters Australia’s Financial System
On November 26 2025, the Australian government led by Treasurer Jim Chalmers and Minister for Financial Services Daniel Mulino introduced the Corporations Amendment (Digital Assets Framework) Bill 2025 by official announcement New Digital Asset Laws to Unlock Innovation and Safeguard Investment.
See: Deloitte Australia’s AI Error Shakes Consulting Trust
The bill creates a clear digital asset framework that covers custody, settlement and platform operations, and it aims to raise investor protection while supporting stronger confidence across Australia’s quickly growing digital asset market. The government positions the framework as a foundation for long term innovation, including tokenization of real world assets, replacing years of uncertainty with defined expectations for operators and institutions.
Digital Assets Background In Australia
Australia has a large and active digital asset community with significant adoption, consistent user growth and a broad set of service providers, which explains the need for a clear regulatory framework. Australia also has several large crypto exchange platform operators serving mainstream users including global giants like Binance, Kraken and Coinbase to name a few.
Survey data and analysis of Australian crypto ownership in early 2025 shows that 32.5% of Australians have owned digital assets, and 70% of those investors hold Bitcoin. More than half of these investors report a profit on their activity.
Engagement continues to rise among older Australians (see chart above). Digital asset ownership among Australians over 65 reached 8.2% in 2025, up from 2% in 2019, read 'baby boomers and retirees invest in crypto'.
New Categories For Digital Asset Services
The bill creates two new financial product categories inside the Corporations Act. (1) A digital asset platform is a facility where an operator holds or controls digital tokens for clients, and (2) a tokenized custody platform is a facility where an operator holds a real world asset and links each asset to a single redeemable token.
These categories require an Australian Financial Services Licence and give operators a clear legal structure for activities that involve possession, safekeeping or management of client tokens and tokenised assets.
Principles-Based Standards For Custody And Settlement
The bill uses a principles-based approach by setting the main definitions and outcomes in the law while giving the Australian Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC), Australia’s corporate regulator, the authority to write the detailed custody and settlement standards. Parliament explains what platforms must achieve, including the need to safeguard client assets, keep accurate records, reconcile balances and manage settlement risk. ASIC then decides how platforms meet these outcomes in practice.
See: Australia Announces 10 Voluntary Responsible AI Guardrails
This approach lets ASIC update requirements as technology evolves without rewriting legislation. It keeps the focus on clear results rather than long checklists of technical steps.
Risk-Based Framework for Market Activity
The bill also uses a risk-based model that links the level of obligation to the level of exposure. Large platforms that hold significant client assets must follow stronger custody and settlement rules. Small platforms that hold less than $5,000 per customer and process less than $10 million a year qualify for a small scale exemption. This supports early pilots and lower risk use cases without placing them under the same obligations as large operators.
The Minister can also use a product intervention power when a digital asset creates clear risks for consumers or the financial system, which allows the government to place temporary limits on that product while ASIC puts longer term rules in place.
In short, the bill uses principles to define the outcomes and risk to decide how strongly those outcomes apply across the market.
Stronger Transparency For Clients
Operators must publish platform rules that act as a contract between the operator and clients. These rules must describe eligibility, settlement processes, use of external liquidity, allocation of operational risk and redemption or delivery of assets.
See: Bank of England Sets New Rules for Systemic Stablecoins
Clients receive clear information about how the service works and what risks they face, which supports informed decision making and strengthens accountability across the sector.
What Comes Next
The bill must now move through Australia’s parliamentary process, which includes further debate and committee review before a final vote. Regulators will prepare the custody standards, settlement standards and platform rule requirements once the bill becomes law. Operators will begin licensing preparation, platform rule design and compliance planning.
The next stage will also decide how the framework reaches newer parts of the market. The legislation sets the main structure, but the regulator must still fill in many operational details.
Those standards will determine how custody rules work in practice, how platforms handle execution and settlement and how services near the line between custodial and non-custodial models will operate.
There are also open questions for stablecoins, decentralized finance and some wallet services, so the practical impact of the framework will depend on how the regulator completes this work in the months ahead.
Why The Framework Matters
Digital asset custody and platform activity now follow the same regulatory expectations used across Australia's financial system. Institutions can participate with more confidence because the framework sets out clear duties for operators that hold client assets or manage tokenized activity. The government notes that digital finance innovation could generate as much as $24 billion each year in productivity and cost savings for Australia.
See: Canada Releases The First Draft Of The Stablecoin Act
The combination of principles-based standards and risk-based market obligations gives operators clear expectations as they build new tokenized real world asset projects, and supports long term innovation under rules that stay steady even as technology changes.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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SEC Clears Fuse Token In New Crypto Decision
Crypto Regulation | Nov 25, 2025
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A New Reference Point for Behaviour-based Token Design
On November 24 2025, the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Corporate Finance Division issued a no action letter to Fuse Crypto Limited that sets the conditions under which the company can offer its ENERGY token without triggering US securities registration under Section 5 or reporting requirements under Section 12(g). This action gives the market a detailed example of how a behaviour based reward token can satisfy regulators when the program avoids speculation and ties all earning activity to user actions.
What The SEC Reviewed And The Conditions Behind Its Relief
The SEC based its position on the facts described in the request for relief letter that Fuse’s counsel submitted on November 19 2025 (13 page PDF). The filing outlines how the program works how users earn tokens and how redemption value is controlled. The SEC makes clear that any different facts or conditions could lead to a different conclusion.
Fuse’s submission describes a program that rewards users for energy related behaviour that supports distributed energy resources. Users earn tokens when they install and connect rooftop solar systems, batteries, electric vehicle chargers or similar equipment. They also earn tokens when they make this equipment available for grid supportive functions or adjust consumption to help reduce stress on local systems. These actions are measurable and tied directly to the program.
See: Coinbase Opens a New Chapter for Token Sales
The submission explains the formula Fuse uses to allocate token rewards. The formula measures user generated energy behaviour and applies a fixed structure that determines the number of tokens a user receives. This formula must remain constant. The SEC notes that it depends on this structure when evaluating whether the program’s value creation resembles investment activity.
The filing also states that redemption value is capped. Users may redeem tokens only for goods or services the program makes available at the time of redemption. The value cannot exceed Fuse’s profit margin and redemption depends on average market pricing. This removes speculative upside and keeps the token tied to consumption.
The submission also details that Fuse will present the program as a rewards system and not as an investment, and that all earning activity must flow from how users participate in the program. Users configure their preferences inside the app to enable token earning and select the settings that determine how their connected energy resources take part in the program. The filing states that token rewards come only from this participation and from measurable energy related behaviour, and that all value remains tied to capped redemption and consumptive use rather than to any form of investment activity.
The program does not give token holders any right to profit sharing future income ownership or governance. All value comes from user behaviour and redemption inside the program.
See: Are Your Tokens Securities? New EU Rules Say Maybe
These conditions help regulators understand that the token does not function like a security. The SEC confirms that its relief applies only to these facts and does not classify the token.
How The Program Works
The Fuse program connects token creation to real actions that support distributed energy systems. Users earn tokens directly from participation and do not buy them with investment expectation. The structure ties value to measurable behaviour and redemption uses a strict cap based on profit margin and market pricing. This design prevents investor style appreciation and aligns the token with its use as a reward.
This event gives issuers a detailed reference for designing behaviour based programs. Many token projects claim utility status but still allow value growth that resembles investment behaviour. Fuse provides an example of how limits on value, transparent formulas, and consumption use can support compliance.
The program also shows that clear documentation matters. Fuse’s submission provides detailed explanations of user actions, redemption rules, promotional commitments, and technical configuration.
Regulators rely on this specificity when evaluating whether a token program functions as a financial product. Fintech teams building similar programs can use this model to see how clear rules and measurable user actions help regulators understand how the system works.
Can This Work in Canada?
The SEC decision gives Canadian fintechs a good example of how American regulators analyze behaviour-based token programs. Canadian regulators continue to rely on the economic reality approach as set out in the CSA staff notice 46-308 on token classification published June 11 2018. While no formal newer guidance appears to have been issued publicly, issuers should monitor for any updates.
This guidance explains that labels do not determine the legal outcome. Regulators examine the purpose of a token how it enters circulation how users receive value and whether promotional language creates investment expectation.
See: Quebec Decision Challenges Canada’s Crypto Rules
The Fuse no action letter and submission model aligns with these principles. It shows how programs that tie value to specific actions and use measurable formulas can reduce regulatory risk. Canadian issuers designing clean energy mobility or infrastructure incentives can benefit from reviewing the program and understanding how to document participation value mechanics and redemption paths in a compliant manner.
Many Canadian fintechs build products that operate in both markets. The SEC decision provides a reference for how US regulators evaluate tokenized reward-based systems. Canadian teams could use the US-based Fuse decision to prepare materials that align with principles used in both countries.
What Could Still Change And Why The Relief Is Conditional
The No Action Letter applies only to the facts Fuse described in its incoming letter. If Fuse changes earning mechanics, redemption formulas, user eligibility, promotional language, or transferability rules the SEC may reach a different conclusion. The relief applies only to Section 5 and Section 12(g) and does not bind other regulators. The No Action Letter also doesn't prevent actions by other divisions inside the SEC or by other agencies such as the CFTC, FinCEN, IRS or state regulators.
Canadian regulators may also reach a different outcome if facts differ from the submission or if market behaviour creates investor style expectations. The SEC’s letter does not classify the token. It only describes the enforcement position for the facts presented.
Conclusion
The SEC's corporate finance decision on the Fuse reward program gives fintechs a detailed look at how behaviour based tokens can meet regulatory expectations when value comes from measurable user actions and redemption is tightly controlled.
See: The Role of a Crypto Wallet in Canada’s Digital Finance Future
Canadian fintechs designing cross-border token programs can use the Fuse no action event to help design programs and prepare materials that address the economic reality tests used in Canada. As more companies explore real world token models this type of clarity supports innovation and helps developers understand how to design programs that balance consumer incentives with regulatory confidence.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Canada Releases The First Draft Of The Stablecoin Act
Stablecoin Regulation | Nov 21, 2025
Image generated by AI
Canada’s Draft Stablecoin Act Inside Bill C 15 Now Sets Out Concrete Rules
On November 18 2025, the federal government of Canada released its first draft of the Stablecoin Act when introducing the Budget 2025 Implementation Act through Bill C 15. The legislation appears in Division 45 of Part 5 and establishes Canada’s first national framework for stablecoins. The official text published in the Bill C 15 First Reading record explains that the Act sets duties for stablecoin issuers, outlines the role of the Bank of Canada and introduces rules for reserves, redemption and governance. The full clause-by-clause level rules appear in the Draft Stablecoin Act document, now moved to a dedicated page on the Department of Finance's website under Canada's Stablecoin Framework.
How Stablecoins Fit Into Canadian Law
The Act explains that if a company issues a stablecoin and follows this new federal law, the company is not treated like a bank for certain parts of the Bank Act, the Insurance Companies Act or the Trust and Loan Companies Act. In simple terms, if a company issues a stablecoin under this law, it is not treated as if it is taking deposits like a bank. This helps make sure that stablecoin issuers are regulated, but not in a way that turns them into banks.
See: Bank of England Sets New Rules for Systemic Stablecoins
The draft Act also says that if a company issues a stablecoin and follows this law, it is not treated as if it is dealing in securities for the specific federal rules listed in the Act.
Clear Duties for Stablecoin Issuers
The Act gives the Bank of Canada the job of keeping a public list of approved stablecoin issuers. An issuer must not give false or misleading information to the public.
The Act also places limits on what issuers are allowed to do. An issuer cannot use regulated words or symbols in a way that breaks future rules. An issuer cannot pay interest or any form of yield to stablecoin holders. This means stablecoins covered by this Act cannot look or act like investment products.
The Act also says an issuer cannot offer a stablecoin if it is treated as official money anywhere in the world. The issuer cannot offer a stablecoin if it is viewed as a bank deposit, if it is insured by a government deposit insurance program or if it is guaranteed by a government.
Reserves, Safety and How Customer Money Is Protected
The Act has strong rules for how issuers must hold reserves. An issuer must hold enough assets to match the full value of all stablecoins in circulation. These assets can only be used to redeem stablecoins. They cannot be used for anything else.
The reserve must consist of the same currency the stablecoin is tied to or high quality liquid assets in that currency. Only the Bank of Canada or future regulations can approve other reserve assets.
See: Quantum Safe Stablecoins Meet Real Time Finance Needs
The Act protects these reserves from being pledged, used as collateral, or borrowed against. The issuer cannot let anyone else have a claim on them.
The issuer must keep reserve assets with qualified custodians. The custodian must hold these assets separately from their own. The assets must not be available to satisfy the debts of the custodian or the issuer. They exist only to support redemptions. This helps keep customer value safe even if something goes wrong with the issuer or the custodian.
Redemption Rights for Stablecoin Holders
The Act makes clear that stablecoins must be redeemable at face value in the official currency they track. The issuer must follow this rule in line with future regulations. This protects users who want to convert stablecoins back into regular money.
Issuer Governance and Oversight
Issuers must have a governance policy that sets out who is responsible for what. This includes the responsibilities of the governing body and senior management, how accountability works, how third party service providers are managed and how conflicts of interest are handled. This pushes issuers to run stablecoin operations with clear oversight and internal controls.
Securities, Deposits and Anti Money Laundering
The Act explains where stablecoins fit into the wider regulatory world. A compliant stablecoin issuer is not considered to be dealing in securities or taking deposits for certain sections of federal prudential laws.
The Act also says that a stablecoin issuer counts as a business dealing in virtual currency under Canada’s anti-money laundering and anti-terrorist financing laws. This means the issuer must follow all federal AML and ATF rules, just like any other virtual currency business.
Outlook
The draft Act must still move through Parliament. Many details will depend on future regulations written by the Minister and guidance from the Bank of Canada. Provinces will continue to have their own rules, including securities and consumer protection laws. The restriction on interest and yield pushes stablecoins towards payment and settlement functionality rather than investment use. The reserve and custody rules help protect customers. The governance requirements ensure that issuers treat stablecoins as serious financial products with clear oversight.
See: Stablecoin Insights From FCAC’s 2025 National Survey
This draft law provides clear rules on reserves, custody, redemption and governance. It also clarifies how stablecoins fit within Canadian financial law, which helps fintechs design products, build payment systems and plan compliance with confidence. Earlier this year in July 2025, EY published a report on various approaches to global stablecoin regulation
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Bank of England Sets New Rules for Systemic Stablecoins
Stablecoin Regulations | Nov 17, 2025
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UK Stablecoin Consultation And What It Means
On November 10 2025, the Bank of England released a proposed regulatory regime for sterling denominated systemic stablecoins for consultation. The paper explains how large scale issuers designated as systemic would be required to back customer balances, manage reserves and operate safely within the United Kingdom financial system. These rules apply only when HM Treasury designates an issuer as systemic.
See: Europe’s Digital Euro and Bank Stablecoin Race
Smaller issuers remain active in the market under the Financial Conduct Authority rules and may transition into the systemic framework if they grow to a scale that could influence the wider financial system.
The consultation is the most detailed update to United Kingdom stablecoin policy since HM Treasury released draft cryptoasset legislation in April 2025, and establishes a clear structure for how systemic digital money could function safely in day to day payments.
Stablecoin Backing Rules And Safety Requirements
The consultation explains how systemic stablecoins must be backed and why this structure matters for safety in everyday payments. Issuers must hold at least 40% of reserves as deposits at the Bank of England. The remaining portion, up to 60%, can be invested in short term United Kingdom government securities. This mix offers strong protection and keeps the reserve simple and transparent.
The Bank of England also outlines a transition period for new issuers. In the early stages, they may place up to 95% of backing assets in government debt before moving toward the long term structure. This step is meant to support early growth while maintaining a high level of safety.
See: Shopify, Coinbase, Stripe to Take USDC Payments Mainstream
All backing assets must sit in a statutory trust that always matches the value of coins in circulation. This requirement protects customer funds and reduces the risk of shortfalls during periods of stress. It also creates a clear line between the issuer’s own balance sheet and the assets that support the stablecoin.
Custody Rules And Safeguards For Stablecoin Reserves
The proposed regime introduces requirements for how backing assets are held and protected. The consultation sets out the expectation that backing assets sit in a segregated trust structure with protections similar to client asset rules. This mix of central bank deposits and short term government securities is intended to provide strong protection for customer funds while allowing issuers to generate modest returns needed to support operations.
Institutions holding backing assets would also need to meet operational resilience standards and demonstrate they can respond to stress conditions without interruption to customer redemptions.
Prudential Oversight For Systemic Issuers
Systemic stablecoin issuers would operate under prudential requirements similar to other payment system operators. The consultation notes that the Bank of England would supervise major issuers to ensure continuing safety, strong risk controls and effective recovery planning.
See: BIS Proposes Scoring Model for Crypto AML
The focus is on preventing operational failure in a systemically important payment instrument. The combination of required reserve composition and Bank of England supervision is designed to manage the risks associated with large scale issuance of digital money in everyday payments.
How Stablecoins Will Connect Into UK Payment Systems
Issuers that reach systemic scale would be supervised in the same framework applied to other major payment firms. The regime outlines how stablecoins can connect to payment rails in the United Kingdom while meeting resilience expectations. The Bank of England highlights the importance of maintaining continuity of payments even during stress events, which is a central consideration in the proposed framework.
How To Respond To The Consultation
The Bank of England is accepting written submissions on the consultation. Responses can be provided directly through the consultation portal hosted by the Bank of England.
Why It Matters
The consultation is a major advancement toward integrating large scale stablecoins into the formal financial system. It provides clear expectations for how issuers can operate safely with trusted backing, operational resilience and strong central bank supervision while supporting innovation in payments.
See: Global Payments to Reach $2.4 Trillion and Tokenized Future
Canada continues to develop its own approach to digital assets and stablecoin oversight. The Retail Payment Activities Act is already in effect and sets expectations for payment service providers. Budget 2025 confirmed that federal authorities are developing a national framework for stablecoins and the Bank of Canada will administer it with publication expected in 2026. As other jurisdictions advance their own frameworks, coordinated and transparent regulation will remain important for financial stability and consumer protection.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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J.P. Morgan Launches First Public USD Deposit Token
Digital Money | Nov 12, 2025
Image: Freepik/Pikisuperstar
J.P. Morgan Becomes First Bank to Issue a Deposit Token on a Public Blockchain
On November 12, 2025, J.P. Morgan announced that it had become the first major bank to issue a USD deposit token on a public blockchain. The new JPM Coin (ticker JPMD) allows institutional clients to send and receive funds instantly using Base, the Ethereum Layer 2 network developed by Coinbase.
The project follows successful testing in June of this year with B2C2, Coinbase, and Mastercard, which achieved real-time issuance and redemption of the token. The initiative is led by Kinexys by J.P. Morgan, the bank’s blockchain division that has built digital financial infrastructure since 2015.
Why J.P. Morgan is Leading This Transformation
J.P. Morgan’s motivation goes beyond efficiency. By placing regulated deposits directly on a public chain, the bank is positioning itself for the next era of interoperable digital finance. Its clients can now settle cross-border trades, treasury flows, and digital asset transactions onchain, with the reliability and security of a regulated deposit. This model combines bank-grade security with blockchain’s speed and transparency.
See: Bank-Issued Deposit Tokens Emerge and JP Morgan Sees Them Going DeFi
Rather than competing with stablecoins, J.P. Morgan is building a framework where traditional deposits become programmable financial instruments, integrated with smart contracts.
The launch shows how large banks are implementing strategies for digital money. For global institutions, it reduces the friction of moving funds across time zones and platforms, offering constant access to liquidity and settlement.
By offering instant, always-on settlement and programmable deposits backed by a regulated bank, J.P. Morgan is setting a new standardfor how traditional finance can participate safely in the digital asset economy while maintaining oversight and trust.
Lessons for Canada’s Regulators
For Canada, J.P. Morgan’s approach provides a clear case study as the Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions (OSFI) and the Bank of Canada (BoC) advance their own stablecoin policy framework. If Canada adopts similar standards for CAD-denominated deposit tokens, it could enable cheaper, faster settlements while maintaining full regulatory oversight.
See: VersaBank USA Launches Tokenized Deposits Pilot
There's also an opportunity for Canadian fintechs to collaborate with banks on compliant blockchain payment rails. Domestic players like Interac and major banks may soon face competitive pressure if global stablecoin transactions become a new standard. This type of regulatory model would allow Canadian financial institutions to issue tokenized deposits that preserve trust while keeping innovation local.
How Deposit Tokens Could Impact Payment Payment Economics
Once Canadian regulators establish clarity around digital deposits, the cost of settlement could fall dramatically. Current payment systems such as e-Interac and card networks, rely on intermediaries that add delay and cost. Regulated tokens could settle value directly between wallets within seconds, removing several layers of friction.
While this could reduce traditional fee income, it also supports innovation and opens new business models.
See: Corporate Crypto Treasuries Cross $137B as DATCos Multiply
Banks could earn from providing liquidity, token custody, or smart contract services. Fintechs could integrate programmable money into real-time lending, payroll, or cross-border commerce.
If Canada aligns with international standards, the combination of stable onchain settlement and regulatory assurance could strengthen national competitiveness and attract global capital.
Outlook
J.P. Morgan’s entry into public blockchain payments proves that regulated institutions can safely participate in decentralized finance while meeting compliance standards. The ability to move regulated value instantly across borders could help Canadian firms compete globally, expand access to capital, and reinforce confidence in digital finance.
The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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Budget 2025 Accelerates Fintech, AI, and Capital Growth
Federal Budget 2025 | Nov 5, 2025
Image courtesy of AI
Canada’s 2025 Budget Funds Open Banking, AI Infrastructure, and Venture Capital to Drive National Competitiveness
On November 4, 2025, the Government of Canada tabled Budget 2025, announcing targeted investments in several fintech and related sectors of interest including open banking, digital assets, artificial intelligence, and venture capital to strengthen national competitiveness and expand innovation.
NCFA welcomes these measures that taken together, form a coordinated strategy to modernize Canada’s financial system and accelerate technology adoption across sectors. While there are many parts to the 493 page PDF document designed to modernize government, stimulate investment and support key sectors of the economy (especially those being adversely impacted by the weight of Washington's tariff policy), this article focuses on 6 select areas of the budget.
1. Consumer-Driven Banking (Open Banking)
Budget 2025 confirms that Canada will move forward with the Consumer-Driven Banking Act to establish a national open banking framework. Oversight will rest with the Bank of Canada, which receives $19.3 million over two years to build and supervise the system. The $36.9 million previously allocated to the Financial Consumer Agency of Canada (FCAC) will be reprofiled to align with this transition. To support cybersecurity and national security functions, $25.7 million over five years and $5 million ongoing are provided to CSIS and the RCMP.
The government also commits that Canadians will not be subject to fees when accessing and sharing their financial data under the new regime. This right will be included in federal privacy legislation to protect consumers from banks charging for data portability.
Timeline:
- 2025: Legislation and technical standards established
- 2026: The Real Time Rail becomes operational and widely used
- 2027: Open banking with full consumer functionality, including payment initiation, is expected by mid-2027
See: Canada’s Payments Innovation Push Gains Speed
The data access fee ban effectively aligns Canada with the UK and Australia, where accredited fintechs can access user-permitted financial data without paying incumbent banks, creating a more level playing field for startups.
Firms should focus on accreditation, API readiness, and user consent ecosystems now, while anticipating the full rollout with data portability and write-access functionality expected in 2027. The Bank of Canada’s new role brings institutional authority to open banking, aligning Canada’s model with prudential oversight practices seen in advanced financial systems.
2. Stablecoins and Digital Payments
Budget 2025 introduces a federal framework for fiat-backed stablecoins to protect consumers and ensure financial stability. Issuers must maintain adequate reserves, provide redemption rights, and follow strict disclosure and audit rules. The Bank of Canada will oversee compliance and receive $10 million over two years starting in 2026–27, with ongoing costs of about $5 million annually recovered from issuers. The Retail Payment Activities Act will be amended to extend oversight to payment service providers dealing in prescribed stablecoins.
See: Quantum Safe Stablecoins Meet Real Time Finance Needs
This is Canada's first major step towards integrating digital assets within regulated finance. Fintechs and payment firms can soon align product design with national standards for reserve management and risk controls. The framework signals Canada’s preference for stablecoins backed by traditional assets and issued under domestic supervision, distinguishing it from more permissive global approaches.
3. Financial Integrity and Compliance Technology
Budget 2025 strengthens financial system integrity by modernizing the Proceeds of Crime (Money Laundering) and Terrorist Financing Act and the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act. The updates ban cash transactions over $10,000, prohibit third-party cash deposits, and authorize real-time information sharing through the new Integrated Money Laundering Intelligence Partnership. FINTRAC is added to the Financial Institutions Supervisory Committee, expanding coordination with the Bank of Canada, OSFI, and the Department of Finance.
This overhaul moves compliance toward continuous data exchange rather than static reporting. For regtech and fintech firms, it expands the market for monitoring, analytics, and automation tools. By embedding FINTRAC directly within the supervisory structure, the government is creating a multi-agency model similar to the UK’s Joint Money Laundering Intelligence Taskforce. These measures are foundational to supporting open banking and payments modernization safely.
4. Innovation and AI Competitiveness
Budget 2025 commits $925.6 million over five years starting in 2025–26 to build sovereign public AI infrastructure, including a Canadian sovereign cloud for compute capacity. Of this, $800 million comes from reallocated funds. The new Minister of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Innovation will coordinate partnerships with industry and direct investments through the Canada Infrastructure Bank. Statistics Canada receives $25 million over six years and $4.5 million ongoing for AI and digital measurement programs.
See: Regulating for Growth by Understanding Innovation
The budget also reforms the Scientific Research and Experimental Development (SR&ED) tax incentive. The annual enhanced credit limit rises from $4.5 million to $6 million, and companies can elect pre-claim approval for faster reimbursements, reducing average processing from 180 days to 90 days by April 2026.
This is the largest coordinated investment in Canada’s digital productivity to date. Sovereign compute and AI infrastructure will help domestic firms train and deploy large models while maintaining data residency. The SR&ED reform improves liquidity during tight capital cycles for startups, software developers, and AI ventures by accelerating access to refundable credits. These changes directly respond to longstanding calls from the innovation community for faster turnaround and broader eligibility for digital R&D.
5. Venture Capital and Early-Stage Finance
To expand the growth capital ecosystem, Budget 2025 allocates $1 billion over three years starting in 2026–27 to the Business Development Bank of Canada (BDC) for the Venture and Growth Capital Catalyst Initiative. This fund will leverage pension and institutional investment to scale up Canadian venture capital and support new, diverse fund managers. Additional measures include:
- $84.4 million over four years ElevateIP
- $22.5 million over three years Innovation Asset Collective’s Patent Collective
- $75 million over three years for the National Research Council’s Industrial Research Assistance Program
These measures help close gaps between early-stage funding and commercialization. The Catalyst Initiative could attract more private capital into growth-stage companies, while IP and R&D supports strengthen Canada’s intangible economy. For fintechs, this capital mobilization aligns with efforts to improve scaling conditions, enabling firms to move beyond domestic pilots into global markets. By expanding the Canada Growth Fund Venture Program and the Venture Capital Catalyst Initiative, Ottawa is trying to fill the scale-up gap where private funding has been slow to follow through.
6. Consumer Banking Fees and Access Reforms
Budget 2025 targets long-standing consumer frustrations with high fees, slow transfers, and limited access to funds. The government will review ATM and Interac e-Transfer fees charged by federally regulated institutions and will report on corrective actions in 2026.
By spring 2026, the government will also ban investment and registered account transfer fees, which average $150 per account, and mandate faster, transparent transfers. Fintechs such as Wealthsimple and Questrade have supported these measures for years, arguing they will remove switching barriers and increase competition.
Consumer access to deposited funds will also improve. The Bank Act will be amended to raise immediate access for cheque deposits from $100 to $150, close the gap between in-person and digital deposits, and shorten cheque-hold times by raising the threshold for early release from $1,500 upward.
See: BoC’s Carolyn Rogers Calls Banks an Oligopoly
To strengthen competition, the public-holding threshold for smaller banks and credit unions will double from $2 billion to $4 billion, supported by a new voluntary code of conduct on brokered deposit access and fair distribution.
These reforms respond directly to public frustration with high account transfer costs, after firms like Wealthsimple and Questrade called for faster, cheaper asset portability. Lower fees, faster access to money, and easier account switching will force incumbents to compete on value. Fintech companies gain room to build better portability and payments solutions within a simpler and more open regulatory landscape.
Closing Thought
Budget 2025 delivers the clearest roadmap for a more competitive financial services sector and digital economy. Open banking, AI, and venture capital measures finally intersect within a national policy framework designed to increase innovation and resilience. The obvious challenge now is delivery and execution. Timelines must hold, interoperability standards must stay open, and public-private coordination must translate funding into outcomes. Canada has a window to jump-start competitiveness by executing on what has already been announced rather than starting new consultations. The need is there. The foundation is set. It's now time to build and execute Canada.
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The National Crowdfunding & Fintech Association (NCFA Canada) is a financial innovation ecosystem that provides education, market intelligence, industry stewardship, networking and funding opportunities and services to thousands of community members and works closely with industry, government, partners and affiliates to create a vibrant and innovative fintech and funding industry in Canada. Decentralized and distributed, NCFA is engaged with global stakeholders and helps incubate projects and investment in fintech, alternative finance, crowdfunding, peer-to-peer finance, payments, digital assets and tokens, artificial intelligence, blockchain, cryptocurrency, regtech, and insurtech sectors. Join Canada's Fintech & Funding Community today FREE! Or become a contributing member and get perks. For more information, please visit: www.ncfacanada.org
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